Transcription from the original by Marit Hegge, Brisbane Australia. Whose mother Eunice Hegge (née Small) was a half-sister to Frederick Trouton Small (1888 – 1971) Additional photos, and footnotes – from internet - added to original drawings in diary. Original diary can be viewed here:
January 1
New Years Day & how different from last. Here I am a sapper & section clerk for the Queensland section of the Engineers who are about to embark for Suez, for some tough work in this great war. Last year I was at Hampden overhauling large gas engines, 40 ton electric cranes & erecting winding plants. I was then asked to take charge of the powerhouse at £8.10 a week but now I am to dig trenches and throw up earth works in defence of our empire – and I like it.
The year has brought
great changes. At the beginning of ’14 I was run down but now I am as well as I
ever was. Flo, Dick & self all way from home; the former in a home of her
own. Had she not married it is hardly likely I would have been here.
Norman who has shared
my experiences last year is still to share them with me this year & I
sincerely hope he will be with me for many years to come.
My university career
has been cut short – very short, but it was long enough for me to know the
value it would have been.
My days at Kings –
good old Kings {Footnote[1]} – with dear
old pals will always be a thing of the present with me. Those days cannot die
& it was due to Norman’s influence that they were prolonged. Shirty Foote I
miss horribly & hardly thought it possible to love a pal so much & it
will be a happy day when I am able to grasp his old hand again. There are
others that are dear yet not so dear – Ernie or rather Normie Grills, Murn
Baldwin, Pop Percy, Reg Robbie, Eric Francis are names that come haphazard into
one’s mind but Shirty is always first.
Football brought us a
good deal together. He was a great player and “ …….a might have been”. My
football career has been one of disappointments. It started splendidly but,
altogether, if I say it myself, bad luck undid it.
January 2
Pay sheets till 3.30
Bill Farquhar, Fergus
Durack and self paid a visit to the sphinx mainly to make arrangements about
Queensland’s photo. I was amazed at the excellent preservation & wonderful
size of the granite slabs in the underground temple.
The joints were
perfect and the corners were an eye opener.
One stone was fully 15 ft long about 4 deep & 5 think
The plans of some of
the corner stones is this:
The sphinx is showing signs of weathering quickly
January 3
LEFT MENA
Punctually at 6am the
3rd Company was active and by 10am all our carts were packed & the whole company was ready to move. We said good-bye to Mena at 10.15. By
12.30 we had arrived at the Zoo at Ghazira. Here we rested and had dinner until
1.15. By 12.15 we had arrived at the Raas-el-Nil Bridge but had to wait, as the
span was open to river traffic. We soon arrived at the barracks but only stayed
long enough to drop our heavy packs. Off again to the station to unload the
carts then back again to the Barracks where we put in the night. Talks about
Bugs. The boys arranged up armies of them & generally acted the goat about
the matter. Sleep was almost impossible & we were not sorry when the night
was over. Major Clogstoun {Footnote[2]}
gave us one of his fine outbursts during the day.
Altogether it was a
good day. Plenty of hard marching with heavy packs. A few blisters more on our feet made things uncomfortable at
the end of the journey but everybody was in good spirits for we were at last on
our way to the “real thing”.
Owing to the early
start we had to abandon the photo.
January 4
Another rush & bustle. We were up at 5am & after a drink of coffee we were right for
parade. We were “told off” for being late & some little consternation was
felt when it was found that Bill Baillie & Gregor Bethune were missing;
however they turned up before we left. The short march to the station was
awful. The stride was too long for the pace & we were half walking & half doubling. To make matters worse Clogie had been disturbed by the bugs for
he roared at us the whole way so by the time we reached the station we were
ready to murder the front four. We got a second dose as we boarded the train –
but damn it all it’s all in a lifetime.
The journey by train
was under very cold & misty conditions but these improved as the day
advanced. We were much impressed with the completeness of the Camp at Ismailia
– Camel Corps, Aeroplanes, in fact everything.
We arrived at Kantarah
at 11 & were soon hard at work in preparing camp; by night everything was
snug.
We are right on the
banks of the Canal & find whips of fun in hailing the steamers passing
thru. The pretty Hospital ship “Royalty” went thru about 1 o’clock. We tried to
hold a conversation with the nurses but were drowned out with the Cooees.
January 5
Spent the morning
exploring, finding out Canteens, prices etc. Away in the distance could be
heard the booming of the “Swiftsure’s” guns & in the afternoon she started
firing not a hundred yards away from us. We watched the bursting of the
shrapnel with interest. Of course we all stood at salute when she passed which
was acknowledged by the dipping of the flag & the bugle.
At 7pm two ships
passed thru – one was the “Orontes”. Hope she has some mail for us. As section
Clerk I have to go into Port Said to make some purchases for the Section.
As pay is due
tomorrow, I will go then.
January 6
Up as usual. We are
all feeling the nip of the mornings slightly but thoroughly enjoy our desert
surroundings. Is the charm of the desert seizing us? No pay today as I intended
& went into Port Said. I managed to procure a warrant & left Kantarah
at 11.10am. On the train I met a most interesting person in an Mr Spencer of
Cyprus. He took me to dinner at the Hotel de la Porte & then introduced me
to a friend of his – Mr Attard – this gentleman very kindly took me around Port
Said to various shops & saw that I was not “had” & in some instances
got me 10% reduction. I cannot speak too highly of the pleasure & assistance this gentleman gave me & seriously look forward to renewing his
acquaintance.
Port Said
The various coinage
had be completely “boxed” – French, English, Indian & Egyptian; by the aid
of my trusty friend I came out on the right side of the ledger. I left Port
Said at 6.16 & had a great meal on the buffet car for 6 piastres. I reached
Kantarah at 7.10 & with the aid of McWatt & Bill Baillie & Gregor
managed to get all my small parcels safely to camp.
January 7
Handed out the tobacco
& cigarettes to the men at 6.15. Made out accounts during the morning & brought down 2 cases of jam from the station. In the afternoon a large mail
arrived so I took ours to the other side of the Canal where our boys were
walking the earth away.
Norm received one,
from the Mater & I, 5 from Mum Baldwin, Mrs Sinclair, Con, Pater, Mrs Scott
Fletcher, & Ida.
When these will be
answered goodness only knows, as I hardly seem to have a spare minute to myself.
No news from Flo,
heaven only knows how my poor brother is getting on.
January 8
Purchased a tin of
biscuits for a “bread ration” & took it over to our men who were working on
the “approach” near the first water Canal. I heard that the rest of the 3rd
Australian Brigade were to camp near this night.
The Indian ration is
superior to that which we received at Mena but the bread is still short. The
idea of biscuits is to make up this shortage.
I spent the whole
morning making out the Company’s pay roll into Piastres so as we could be paid
at night.
Paid at 5 o’clock.
January 9
Again wended my way
into Port Said this time with the Broken Hill Section Clerk – Coghlan. I had
hundreds of purchases to make for my section and had an extremely busy but interesting
time. I again met Mr Attard who
introduced his courier. This time the latter took me around.
I am very much struck
with Port Said. It is pretty, fairly clean & interesting. As so many ships
pass thru the Canal, one always seems to see different street scenes. So far I
have been too busy to see all that is to be seen.
Arrived home at 7.10
& after delivering the goods ordered by the officer’s mess & a few
papers for the O.C. I gave our boys their goods.
Chocolate is in keen
demand. 12 doz slabs between 36 of us in 2 days.
January 10
No Entry
January 11
In full marching order
we boarded the train for Ballah. They were the ordinary open trucks such as our
Indian brothers are moved about in. About a mile N of Ballah we dropped the
Broken Hill section & then made our way S of the station to put up our high
command works. We started by filling in between 2 mounds.
We then started
walling with sand bags, making two traverses to minimise the risk of enfilade
fire.
At 3 0’clock we had
just started on the sand bags when it was time to entrain so off we went well
satisfied with our “outing”.
The spirits of the
whole Company is fine & I am glad to say our Queensland Section is
particularly so.
January 12
Up at 5am. Breakfast
at 6am; on the armoured train at 7 bound for Balah. It was a great ride; the
air was clear & had a fine nip about it. As soon as we arrived at Balah
Jim, Hooper & I got hold of an over coat & had a football passing ruck.
This got Clogie’s sporting blood up & of course he must try and stop us; my
trousers got badly torn in the skirmish & the next thing I saw was Clogie
was being bowled over by Jim.
Our work during the day evidently satisfied the C.O. for he took us to see some of the Indian work & also pointed out the objects of our works.
Our work during the day evidently satisfied the C.O. for he took us to see some of the Indian work & also pointed out the objects of our works.
We were to sleep the
night in the rooms provided by the station people.
The tea was about an
hour late so we hung around the cooks fire till the stew and half boiled
potatoes were nearly ready & talk about eats.
We had our tea on the
banks of the Canal with the aid of the candle & with the ocean liners
passing within 20 yards of us. It was certainly a novelty.
By seven most of us
were sound asleep.
January 13
Reveille at 6.30. We
were all somewhat disappointed at not being able to finish our trenches or
rather high command parapet; for we were put on to nine buildings on the
Western side of the railway line. These had to be fortified and after a hard
days work we finished 8 ½ of them. It was a tired crowd that entrained for
Kantarah at 4.30. As Norm, Hooper, Farquhar, Wilson, Durack were staying behind
to do some work, I had to send stores down to them by the 7.10. On this train
Bill Farquhar returned from Port Said where he had been visiting his sister on
our own hospital ship “Kyara”.
We had been watching
the “Kyara” all the previous day but she went past at 9.15 at night.
January 14
In charge of fatigue
party today. The party rowed across the Canal to the Sappers & Miners & got 1000 sand bags for the 3rd & 4th Sections, which
had left for Balah to throw up some earth works there. After breakfast we
emptied the portable water tanks and took them back to the Wires Office. We
strung them together in a line of 26 and towed them down the Canal. In the
afternoon we took 17 more down by the carts. On the way down the “Waipara”
passed us bound for sunny Australia. We yelled all sorts of messages to them
& soon we had the attraction of the whole ship.
At night we rowed the
skipper across the Canal to visit some of his friends.
January 15
ISMAILIA
Up at 5am in the cold
morning & after packing our black kit bags we had breakfast at 6am.
I was then put in
charge of a party & after striking camp we took the carts up to the station
& and loaded the same on the truck. As the whole process entailed 6 trips
to the station I made full use of the H.Q. bicycle. After purchasing some
chocolate & some cigarettes for the mess we boarded the train at 10.30. The
journey to Ismailia was thru desert country, no trees & very little other
vegetation; on the canal side of the line were much struck with the fine earth
works of the Indian troops. The whole of the revetting was done with the
stunted bush, which grows in the sand around. At Balah we picked up the
Tasmanian & W. A. sections, but saw no signs of Norm & party. We
arrived at Ismailia at 12.30 & as usual our Section did most of the work.
We were greatly struck with the beauty of the town. Its general cleanliness is
in direct contrast to most of the places we have been to. It is one of the
towns laid out by the Canal Company.
Our tents were situated in the beautiful botanical gardens and were erected by the time I arrived with the carts. Everybody was loud in their praise of this spot.
By night we were all
worn out; by lights out Norm, Bill F, Durack, Hooper & Co had joined up.
There was a big mail
for Norm which I handed over to him & anxiously waited for some news of
home but strange to say he told me nothing. I got a letter from “Rowie”, last
years Rhodes, & a University Magazine.
There are numerous
tennis courts around us and a football ground opposite. May we play on them.
January 16
We (No1 Section) did
rifle drill on the Football ground. We were all itching to have a go at the
footie but it was beyond the Sergeants power to allow us; however Clogie came
along & made us pick side for a game of soccer. We then enjoyed an hour’s
running about & afterwards had a swim. Norm & I found Soccer a bit
different to Rugby. At night our Surveyors including Norm were sent down to
Kantara & Balah to make a survey of the country & all considerations
necessary.
January 17
Reveille at 7 – no
parade until after breakfast. The fitters were singled out at the 9 parade
& were sent out to fit the saddles on the pontoons. Craig, Lindsay & Baillie left about 11 to play soccer against the A.M.C. The game ended in a
draw 2 all.
Had a look over the
machine shop at Ismailia – not a bad little place. Had the afternoon
practically wasted as there was nothing doing – no organisation.
Heard I was to go as
Capt Russell’s confidential secretary. As I am not up in clerking matters. I do
not fancy the job.
Capt Russell is
S.O.R.E. (Staff Officers Canal Defences). Am puzzled as to “Clogies” motive in
sending me. He wants me there for a purpose – is it to keep him advised or
prompted as where the Engineers can help most???
Clogie is proud of his
Engineers although he pretends not to be.
Sgt Croker is to build
a pontoon bridge. Clogie is stirring up rivalry by boosting the work of the
Indian pontoon crowd.
January 18
Spent the morning
shopping & doing odd jobs with the aid of the interpreter. At a parade
Clogie told us were to have intersectional contest at soccer. The first round
of matches to be played on the morrow.
Went into the Suez
Canal Co’s drawing office where the Q’land surveyors were preparing the plans
from their field books. The French people here, so it appears, heard
hair-raising tales about the Australians & were a trifle alarmed when they
heard we were coming to Ismailia. They are now of the opinion that the
Engineers are different to the rest. They make great efforts to get a
collection of Australian stamps. Sergt Croker & I went around to Capt
Russell but that gentleman was out & so another has passed.
January 19
Went to see Capt
Russell but failed again. Played football with Queensland against Broken Hill
& after an enjoyable “run around” we won 4 goals to 1. Saw Capt Russell at
8pm & he told me to report at 8am in the morning. Very much impressed with
the commanding figure & his manner.
Clogstoun (Clogie)
called me to his tent & said he expected me to use my initiative in the
SORE office.
I am to “shoot
troubles” find out where assistance is needed & to see that the 3rd
Field Co renders that assistance. If necessary & in case of absence of
himself, Bage & other officers men can be detailed by ‘phone from me (using
his name) but I am to “damn well keep him out of trouble”.
Clogie says he has
built up the 3rd Field Co with every craft & trade & in
consequence “can damn well tackle anything” & that it is his deliberate act
to place me “where a discreet ear can be placed to the ground” & used for
the Company’s good & reputation.
Here goes!
Clogie stressed the
confidential nature of the work.
January 20
Reported to Capt Russell at 8am & feel that I may be of some use to
him. Kept going till 8 at night. Saw a few bombs in the office for the first
time in my life! They resembled a smoked test tube about 5” long & 11/2”
diameter. There appeared to be another tube or bulb inside.
I heard afterwards that one of our aeroplanes dropped one on a party of
Bedouins playing havoc. Have got rid of a deal of Capt Russell’s back work.
Norm returned after a rotten trip having waded thru water, trudged thru
sand and subsisted on dry bread and the stink of bad meat. One day the blood of
the meat had soaked thru the bread – Norm can safely say he is the first to
taste blood.
Poor old Billy Farquhar is in bed with water on the knee – wrench from
football.
January 21
Plenty of work.
About 12 of No 1 Section have gone to Kantara to put up range marks.
While a few of the W.A. men have gone to help them.
Norm, Durack & Hudson have gone out surveying indefinitely.
January 22
Still plenty of work. Kept coming from 8am till 9pm. Am learning.
Capt Russell has been too long without assistance. Its strange that
important officers such as he should be forced to worry with detail when
policies should occupy their attention – particularly when the army has many
privates trained for the work. Assume red tape enters into it & he found it
easier to get the assistance from Clogie than from Headquarters.
January 23
Ditto.
Wonder why the important part of SORE had been entrusted to a Captain
Royal Engineers? True the R.E.s run Egypt. Perhaps the staff is strained to the
utmost to meet all demands made of it.
Am impressed with Capt Russell’s ability & energy.
Authorities are concerned regarding the loyalty of Operating staff at
the Power House Ismailia. Informed Capt Russell we could completely man the
station if necessary. Informed Clogstoun as to the need.
January 24
Extra ditto.
Suggested to SORE that we list facilities of the Canal Co for reference
particularly machine tools, stores, material & floating equipment. Agreed.
Arranged to obtain a supply of standard inventory sheets from the depot.
January 25
Great excitement. Large mail.
And news of English success in the North Sea, Not only that there is
talk of a fight at Kantara. Part of our section is there, may we go there too.
The Company spent the night on the pontoon so as to enable them to get
it done.
A great mail has arrived 31 letters for me. Poor old Dick is improving
in health. Has sent me a great fountain pen – a very useful present.
Auntie Eff is well and I got the usual grand bunch form Hillcrest, Kings
College & other friends. Little they know the great pleasure these letters
give one.
January 26
Heard the booming of guns during the night & today heard that five
were wounded – effects of shrapnel.
January 27
Our pontoon bridge progressing excellently. It was coupled up, or rather
boomed out, & tested in several ways &it is in every way satisfactory.
Queensland is at present building a skew bridge at Kantara over the
sweet water Canal.
January 28
Started on the files & got the water file completed by 11.15pm.
These hours are too long. Only for the fact that it is war times I would probably
squeak.
Capt Russell got his majority.
January 29
In the office I started on the “material for defence file” today & got it into shape.
The guns still boom out & from what I hear we are to let them come
right on until the main body arrives & then make one job of it for if we
start on these advance guards it will discourage them & perhaps stop the
main advance.
In one engagement they brought in an Egyptian who was serving in the
Military College in Turkey. At first when questioned he would not speak but
subsequently gave a great of valuable information When asked why he made war he
did “not know – it’s Kismet”. He
was a first year’s student in the Military College & was made an N.C.O. by
the Germans & promised a Commission later on. He told the Army Authorities
at Kantara the strength, composition and movements of the invading army.
Chas Hudson came in from Kantara today. He said Norm & Durack were
having an interesting time.
Dury was directing the line of the whole battery & when the
“Swiftsure” starts he will direct their fire as well.
They take their observations from the large stone building at Kantara.
This is sure to be a target for the enemy & they will be the centre of the
fun. I wish I was with them.
January 30
Hudson left for Kantara again. Wish I were with him. Spent a deal of
time today writing letters etc. My poor friends have been sadly neglected
lately & I must really try & get some more writing done.
January 31
A very heavy day. December’s Balance had to be got away as well as a lot
of weighty correspondence. I missed my lunch & I had dinner at 9.30p.m.
Another of the misfortunes of war. My fine officer Major Russell makes these
things easy to bear.
I still detest office work. I remember in 1905 being in Goldsborough
Mort for 11 months. I hated office work then – I hate it now, but will do my
best to make things easy for the Major & run the office systematically.
February 1
Great deal of shooting going on; we could plainly hear the shells
landing quite close to the lake. It came out in “Orders” that there was a
general engagement. Our company got marching orders this morning and manned the
“pont bridge” which, by the way had scattered all over the lake owing to the
rough water. By afternoon it had freshened considerably & Clogie, who was
frightfully sea sick, & other ship wrecked mariners had considerable
difficulty in being rescued.
Spent most of the day running about getting gun cotton, mines, flares
etc sent away to the scene of action.
At night NZ patrol reported that the telegraph lines had been cut so
after uniting the ends I reported to the ESRIT while they went to HQ. I thought
I had struck something great but it afterwards transpired that the heavy winds
had done the damage.
February 2
An unusual reveille this morning – the noise from the guns. It was great
to see the red burst of the shrapnel & to hear the gunboats broadside.
Things livened considerably during the day & our Merchantman
“Hardinge” had a fine gap in her funnel. The unfortunate pilot had his leg
blown away & his arm shattered. We heard that Kantara had killed 43 and
captured 50 without any loss.
By 8pm we heard that the “Requim” had spotted their 6”, which had put a
few holes in the “Hardinge’s” funnel & various other damage. This gun had
been difficult to locate & the fourth shot after the “Requim” had found it
and put it out of action.
The casualties on OUR side for the day were:
Fitzgibbon, 1 sapper, & 12 others killed
2 sappers & 27 others wounded
They lost over 200 killed & 300 prisoners here. {Footnote[7]}
I saw the wounded being brought onto the wharf here by barge; it was a
pitiful sight. Men had bandages extending the length of their legs, the whole
being saturated with blood. Another with his shoulder hurt or rather, mangled
lay there smoking a cigarette given to him by an Australian. Others were quiet
and still, with a pallor that told its tale – altogether it was a sickening
sight but we may be destined to see many more such pictures before this war is
over.
February 3
Wounded, dead, and prisoners still continue to be reported.
February 4
There were eighteen pontoons (one sunk in deep water). They were
scattered in three lines of advance. There were four pontoons on the East bank
– partly in water – at the most southerly point; another was in deep water.
Three boats at the water’s edge on E bank in front of the “Gypie” position. The
northerly path indicated three pontoons at various portions up the East bank.
The remaining seven were back in the dunes.
Visited Toussum. Turkish dead were being buried where they fell on the banks of the Canal. Examined the enemy pontoons. These were made of light gauge galvanised sheet splendidly braced & light.
Pockets of dead had been rifled.
Mosquito craft permitted tow pontoons to be floated & then opened fire,
with sad results for the enemy. Apparently the little vessel had been purposely
stationed in the locality where the enemy officer on a white Arab charger had
been permitted to approach the banks of the canal in an endeavour to obtain
information.
He came fair between two outpost positions hidden in the sand dunes
& which were manned by the Indian troops. Major Russell later informed me
that the Indians had been ordered to fire and that they could hardly contain
themselves for excitement. Apparently it was the purpose to allow him to
reconnoitre in the hopes that the enemy would be led into crossing the Canal at
this point. The path taken led down between two high sand dunes.
February 5
No entry
February 6
Major Russell had discussion with Serapeum who requested a lookout
tower. Later told the SORE we could design & complete in six days a tower
based on one shift per day & in four days on a 3 shift basis. He told me to
go ahead & commandeer any necessary material & transport. Wired Clogistoun
his sixth major job today.
Russell is finding the Australians very useful – overheard a word of
praise when he ‘phoned Cairo this morning. Said we were “energetic & chockfull of initiative”. He has not seen half yet.
February 7
Spent most of the day designing a “look-out” for Serapeum.
At night wired to Clogie, who was at the Ferry Port with “our” Bridge,
for Lindsay, Baillie, Herbert, Campbell & McWatt.
February 8
A little concerned because my carpenters had not turned up, so wired to
“Clogie” again with the result that they all turned up at 12 & started work
right away.
February 9
Turks seemed to have withdrawn altogether. Everything is very quiet all
along the Canal. I hope this means I will go to France but I fear it will stop
us. For as long as there is a Turkish force there must be a British one handy.
Spent all day in the office except when I visited my carpenters to see
how they were getting on with the “look out”. I am more than pleased with the
work and although the job is heavy it will be none the worse for that.
This work is quite a change from the ordinary office routine and keeps
me in good fettle. It certainly makes me wish I was back with the Section but
……
This tower was purposely made heavy in case a light gun might be taken
up. Platform room would then be scarcer.
February 10
Not a Turk within 20 miles of the Canal. Work on the tower progressing
satisfactorily. Believe I am to supervise its erection at Serapeum. Hope I can
take Queenslanders with me.
Everything ready to load on the barge.
February 11
SERAPEUM
Got most of our gear loaded at the store & away to the Canal Co’s
workshops by 8.30am. After borrowing a breast drill & a screwdriver we
loaded the water barge, which was to be towed down by the “Dekade” to Serapeum.
It took us 4 hours to do the journey as all water tanks en route had to
be filled but especially when the Indians tried to block the end of the hose
when a powerful “Worthington” Pump was at the other end. We landed at 1pm & after dinner started work. It was a stiff job unloading the barge & carrying the heavy timber over the steep sandy banks & we gladly accepted
the services of the Indian fatigue party.
We managed to get the right fixed and, while the others dug holes, we,
or rather I, went off in search of tackle. It was given a single & double 1
½ inch block & a fair amount of 1 ½ inch rope but it was too light for the
work in hand. However it was all we could get so we managed.
We were cramped for room on account of the trees, which were not to be
cut down as they afforded excellent cover. This of course increased our
difficulties for quick erection but like good sappers we managed. Our tackle
was made fast up a hefty tree and 2 legs & top transom hauled into
position.
When in position we then cut out a guy – using the fall of the rope. A
third leg was then put in and the bottom ledger on. By this time it was “knock
off”. We dig good justice to Mac’s
tea and spent a very sound night at the bottom of the barge.
February 12
After breakfast the fourth leg was put in & the remaining bottom
ledgers then the top ledgers & all the bottom diagonals this left us a firm
base to work on for the top section. We made a single derrick 40 ft long & lashed it to the side of the base & hauled two legs & a top transom
from inside the structure. When bolted the legs were stayed with 13 ft X 4 in X
1in. The derrick was then lowered & the operation performed on the opposite
side.
By this time it was teatime so we left the derrick to stay this portion.
Once again we slept in the old barge which slipped one of its moorings
during the night and swung out in the stream a bit.
February 13
Some ticklish work “up above” today but thanks to Bill Baillie’s aid
& Jim Lindsay’s common sense we pulled through without a mishap and managed
to finish the job right off. Should the job ever be done again there are
improvements to be added both as regards site & construction. The tower is
beautifully concealed on the right and front but leaves much to be desired on
the left side.
Well the whole thing is a strong sound job & ought to stand a smack.
Well the whole thing is a strong sound job & ought to stand a smack.
February 14
LEAVE SERAPEUM
Thanks to the blankets borrowed from the AS.C. I passed the night very
comfortably in the barge. As there was no boat going back to Ismailia till 1pm
I put in an hour going over the lookout and tightening up all round. I then had
a lunch and came away on the “Robuste” at 1pm & what a cold wet journey it
was. I finally arrived at the Custom House and after a wash reported at the
Office. Major Russell was very interested in all I had to report.
Saw Norm for a few minutes – the first time for over three weeks (21st
Jan). He looks extremely well and is faring excellently.
February 15
At the S.O.R.E office at 6.30am as Major Russell was off on a tour of
inspection to Suez. Colonel Wright accompanied him as far as Serapeum.
Capt Wilson took charge of the office & is a very decent sort. Had
an extremely busy day as the “Imprint” a/c had to be got in order, left the
office at 11pm.
In reading over a letter of Lt Taunton’s the following idea struck me as
an improvement on the present system of breaking the ignition for “flares”.
February 16
Very quiet today. Hearing compliments about our tower. Major Mousley
states in a letter to the S.O.R.E. – “The Australians have made a fine job of
the observatory”. I hope to get the letter later on.
Major returned about 9am & found us in the middle of the imprint
a/c: weary job clerking.
Made several tests with “flares”. Buried the tins in the sand and put
“stops” & wired up in front of our training trenches. Flares set 100 yards
apart. Wire concealed in sand. Troops not informed of the flares constructed to
ascertain the trenches were “held” and to return & report without making
presence known. Two outer flares were ignited. The brilliant white light threw
out troops into relief. Distance OK. Inner flare tripped, troops easily
discernable. Three flares failed. Not yet foolproof. Tubes scarce: will try
wire for next trials, as travel must be sufficient to break glass.
February 17
February 17
Pretty heavy day.
Major well pleased with my flare arrangement and said “its quite a good
plan Small. I like the idea of travel.”
Got away a big business mail including many orders.
February 18
Up early to get the “Imprint” a/c under way but as the Major had been inoculated
for “enteric” very little was done till after breakfast.
Major Clogstoun paid a pretty compliment to our “tower” & was rather
puzzled as to how it was erected.
Received letter from London Bank stating that £12.2.10 had been placed
to my credit in the Anglo Egyptian Bank Cairo. Made to the latter for £85.
Mail from Mater, Com Bank, Mrs Woolcock, Auntie Eff.
Just heard of poor Mrs Trulton’s death.
February 19
Put “flares” into action this morning & they were a great success.
First I tried wood instead of glass tubes & it broke the wood. I then
placed the glass tube & at 10 yards it broke beautifully. Some were soaked
in paraffin was then placed under the ignition tube & at 120 yards the
“snap” saw the waste blaze away beautifully.
Major Russell has decided to adopt the idea throughout the canal
defences.
February 20
Flares now perfected. The Indian officers appear enthusiastic as to
their possibilities.
February 21
Wrote Capt Bage re pay. Wrote Mrs Catt, Bielby, Eric, Les, Corn, Aunty
Eff, Auntie Flo.
Had a distasteful job today as I had to tell Jim Campbell that his
methods did not meet the approval of a few of us but as he was anxious to
regain the good opinion of a “few” it passed off a deal better than it might
have.
February 22
It seems as if our Company is to be recalled from the Suez altogether.
The Major informed me that it was beyond his power to keep us (I know he tried)
& that we returned with his best recommendations. I wired to “Clogie” on
his behalf the following “your company ordered to concentrate Ismailia without
delay prepare transfer for Cairo.”
Whether I am to go, is still a question but I hope not, so long as we
stay in Mena, for I consider I can learn more here than I can in “forming
fours”, “about turn”, “for inspection”, “present arms” etc.
Major Russell left for Cairo today on business he will probably return
Thursday morning.
February 23
Any amount of work
Mr Barber called in and congratulated me on my “tower”. He considered it
a fine piece of work.
February 24
The company returned today from Kantara and are due to leave tomorrow at
8.20
5 officers 144 men
5 officers chargers
4 G.S. Limber Wagons
Saw Chas Hudson – making the best of things. While Norm looks A1 – big
brown & burly describes him aptly.
Wrote the Mater a long letter. How I wish my own was alive.
February 25
All our crowd got away by 8.30am for Cairo & seemed quite ready to
be on the move again.
Personally I’m glad they are off as I have heard that there is to be a
big “move” shortly & Major Russell told me that they will be jolly pleased
they returned.
February 26
Quiet day.
February 27
Major Russell went to Kantara re inundation? Cuts. Had a fairly heavy
day.
Noticed Major Mousley barge is loaded with materials for defence works.
Nice mail from Con, Little aunt, Mrs Scott Fletcher, Mater & good
old Shirty.
February 28
Got a jolly fine letter from Allan Row last year’s Rhodes Scholar.
I spent most of the day writing letters instead of office work writing.
I was thus able to write to Prof Gobson, Rowie, “Shirty”, Con, Auntie & Old
Buzz (Scott Fletcher). I must get these “censored” & away before 9 o’clock
tomorrow morning.
March 1
Awfully annoyed because after all my care I missed the mail. Any amount
of work to be got through but some blithering idiots with a hell of a lot of
facings WILL come and talk a lot of twaddle. I’m sure the major does not want
them and I’d damn sure I don’t
Sid Lamb the other office boy has just received orders to rejoin his
regiment. I suppose I’ll be next!
March 2
Sergt Cook came around to take Lamb’s place. As the work is getting
somewhat lighter he should have an easier time. Not feeling up to scratch so
Major Russell sent me home!!!
March 3
Not feeling at all well; the Indian stretcher-bearers took me up to the
Hospital.
March 4
Major Russell came to the hospital to see me, bringing numerous papers
etc.
The orderly left me 20 minutes with a thermometer in my mouth. The other
patient wanted me to “leave it in until it bursts”. I do not know if he
expected me to work myself up to a welding heat.
Was feeling much better when all of a sudden I was sent up to Cairo by
the hospital train. I was left standing in the cold street for about 10 minutes
with only an overcoat around me & a pair of boots on. In the train there
were no blankets & if Stevenson had not been there I would not have had any
covering at all. He got my own blankets out of the kit bag. The Australian
Motor took me to the Citadel & I was two hours here before I got into bed.
Thank goodness I was on the mend. Had it been two days ago I would have
collapsed.
March 6
“Out of bed today & discharged on Monday” is the verdict of the
doctor. Hooray! They were making me a blooming milk testing machine while I was
in bed.
I consider I worked the bluff well. Enjoyed the Westerly view of Cairo
from the Citadel immensely. It is truly wonderful. Some of the patients and
myself spent hours out here.
March 7
Hospital still. Had a grand sleep & a great warm bath on arising.
Had meals in the Dining Hall. What a scramble there was at breakfast for
victuals. However a Lance Corporal in the invalids took charge of operations
during the remainder of the day & put “a new system” into force. It is only
a rumour the patients did not give him pie over “the new system”. Personally I
think he was quite right & admire him for his pluck in trying to organise
things a bit. But some of the patients – especially the Australians – do not
like to see anybody do this kind of thing – they say he is “crawling for a
stripe” or some other such remarks which are unwarranted in my opinion.
March 8
Out of the Hospital today at 4pm. A lot of trouble caused because the
Black/Kits had been taken over to the Indian Hospital. However good ole Norm
dug the thing out himself because the ass on the ‘phone gave instructions in
such a ridiculous manner. However I got out and that is the main thing. We both
went to the New Khedive Hotel & after dinner got a motor & set sail or
Heliopolis in the hopes of finding Hect? Dinning. While enjoying a delightful
spin the car ran out of petrol so we had to resort to a carriage & pair.
The cabbie wanted 10 Piastres, so we walked away saying 5, he then came down to
7, no we had said 5, and 5 it was to be. We had not gone 10 yards when he drove
up and said “all same – 5” & then asked for a cigarette “baksheesh” which
Norm gave him. Not bad work from 10 to 5 P.T.
I stayed the night at the New Khedive but Norm returned to camp.
March 9
Caught the 11am for Ismailia arriving there about 2.10. Had a fine
dinner in the Buffet Car on the way down. Norm saw me off.
Noticed things are starting to “warm up” slightly with a promise of a
dust storm!
McBarrie & Stevenson met me & got the Arabs to take my things to
the RE store where I passed the night.
Gathered up all my belongings & said good-bye to Major Russell. He
was, as usual, jolly fine & after numerous compliments I left S.O.R.E.
It has been a fine experience here & I am very sorry to leave it but
I must consider myself extremely lucky to get it.
March 10
Said goodbye to Ismailia for good. Stevenson and I left by the 10am for
Cairo. Had a good breakfast in town, bought a few postcards of the place & then it was train time.
Arrived in Cairo at 1.20 after putting our kits in the cloakroom we
started off for something to eat. We arrived at “Saults” & had a grand
meal. We will be able to live on the memory of it for some time to come.
After a shave we got a carriage & gathering our parcels made the
best of our way home getting there just on 5.
Clogie told me I would have to go into town and get strong. He would
give me a couple of days in which to have a complete rest at some hotel.
March 11
The unfortunate section or rather Company was hauled out at 4am for a
route march. During the day an infernal dust storm came up. It made things
almost unbearable. The crowd came home in anything like good spirits. I have
decided to get out of it and avail myself of Clogie’s holiday.
Mail so far I have received one from Mr Bielby & Mum Baldwin.
Saw Allan McKinlay in the afternoon. I hardly think I would have
recognised him had I met him anywhere else. He certainly looks well but like
the rest of us is full up of “mooning around”.
Stayed the night at the New Khediva Hotel.
March 12
Had a glorious sleep of 13 hours & spent a lazy day wandering about
Cairo for a few hours & then had lunch.
Chas Hudson & a N.Z. friend of his had dinner with me.
March 13
Spent a quiet day. Had Jimmy Lindsay & Norm to lunch.
The latter brought me a couple of letters – one from dear old Shirty
saying he had joined the forces – A.M.C. We immediately cabled our
congratulations.
The other was from the Commonwealth Bank London saying they had placed a
further £15.5 to my credit in the Anglo Egyptian.
Had an afternoon tea in town. At dinner old Hector joined me together
with the above two. We afterwards retired to my room & had one of the good
old time chats. It was a most enjoyable evening from my point of view.
March 14
Spent all day writing and got quite a host of letters off my chest. I
sent stamps to Auntie Eff, also a letter, cutting & cards to Mr & Mrs
Lloyd, cards to Mrs Bielby, Mum Baldwin. Con, Geoff (Turkish pontions?) to Prof
Gibson, Uncle Yard, Major Russell, Bern Lloyd & a letter to Shirty.
Went to Anglo Egyptian Bank & drew £15.5 & got a cheque for £12
& sent it back to London to be paid to the credit of my a/c No 455 on
Monday.
March 15
Went to dentist & got a tooth pivoted.
Left for Mena Camp at 4, arrived in camp at 5.
More mail from Auntie Eff, Mater & Mr Lloyd, Union Trustee, Eric
Francis, Percy Brown, Con
March 16
Had a lazy day in tent.
March 17
Spent a quiet day in the tent. Marking blankets & kit bags. Dressed
Jimmy Lindsay’s bad knee. Company off on a couple of days Route March.
March 18
Another quiet day. Dressed Jimmy Lindsay’s leg. Got issued with caps.
Our large tents sent away and now we are sleeping anywhere. Bell tents to be issued. Wrote to Con,
Bern & Auntie Eff.
March 19
Made tent commander after a lot of persuasion. I tried to push it onto
Norm but the latter saw Sergt Thorn & practically got out of it when I
appeared on the scene and again upset at the plans in the end, we tossed & I lost – hence I am tent commander.
March 20
Still nothing doing, as we had a holiday. Spent most of my time lounging
around the tent.
The night being beautifully moonlight Chas Hudson, Fred Hooper & I
decided to climb “Cheops”. Were well awarded for our troubles. The night was
beautifully clear. The moonlight turned all the canals into a beautiful silver
network. Our camp appeared to be a large town & was just one blaze of light
while the desert was strangely beautiful. Chas & I (Fred never reached the
top) must have spent the best part of an hour dreaming over this scene. We
finally returned to camp just before “lights out”.
March 21
Dressed Jimmy’s knee.
Norm & I spent a most enjoyable afternoon & evening with Mr
& Mrs Roe at afternoon tea & dinner. We had the latter at the famous
“Grand Continental”. At dinner I met Dr Jackson, Miss Pride. At one of the
tables I saw Dr Merrington.
March 22
As our “guard” had not been favourably reported upon we had to spend the
morning doing guard drill. Personally I was glad, for my knowledge of sentry
duties was distinctly hazy. The afternoon was spent in marking kit.
Spent morning filling our “packs” according to regulations. The
equipment was then dismantled & put into “battle order” as we were to
parade at 3.30pm & march out of camp at 4.30. We are to engage at 12pm.
The march, although short, was stiff. Perhaps being “soft” made me feel
it more.
Mail today so far I have received one & that was from the Mater.
March 24
Received letters from Mum Baldwin & Ob.
Did company drill in the afternoon & returned at 4pm to be paid.
March 25
We did some trestle drill in the morning but spent the afternoon in
sleep, as we were to go out on a route march at 7pm.
The march was stiff. We made several halts in getting our position for
attack & just as we were dozing off we would get the order to advance so
rest was impossible.
Returned to camp at 2am all cursing our Sgnt who at times is over the
odds.
March 26
Paraded at 10am when “general” leave was granted. Stayed in camp.
March 27
Sgt Thorn & self went into town to pay the Anglo-Egyptian Bank a
visit. I returned the Trustee Cheque for £90.3.4 to Melbourne to be paid into
my a/c. I notified both Uncle & the Trustee Company that I wished any
future money to be paid to my a/c in Australia.
Visited all the slums- horrible but the degrading spectacles I saw can
scarcely be related here.
March 28
Heard that the Lithgow Rifles have been condemned & will be
replaced.
Paraded at 9am & had our Rifle & bayonet numbers taken as well
as the makers stamp.
As a wretched dust storm was blowing across Mena, Norm & I got out
of camp & went to Cairo. We had a splendid lunch at Rossmore House – a
place run by English people. Quite a number of English ladies reside here.
Rossmore House
We spent a few hours writing and then made the best of our way to the
“Continental”
where Mr & Mrs Roe met us and took us to the “Blue Mosque” (where
the Koran school was in progress) & to several other ancient mosques. We
then had afternoon tea at Groppi’s, dinner followed by a pleasant chat at
“Shepheards” at the St James Café.
Groppi’s
Shepheard’s Hotel Cairo
Dining room Shepheard’s Hotel
Cairo
These two friends have been real bricks to us & we have appreciated
their kindness more than words can tell.
Sir Ian Hamilton reviewed the Territorial troops in Cairo.
March 29
Reviewed by Sir Ian Hamilton in the morning & repaired rifle pits in
the afternoon.
Clogie, as usual had a new scheme for the “big” parade & as usual we
made a mess of things. Why to the dickens we cannot keep to the usual signals
instead of changing to new ones when it is least desirable goodness only knows.
March 30
Went down for two days in the irrigation canals to practice pontoon
drill. We got on very will with the pontoon drill but the trestle drill – nuf
said. Of course the Sub was the cause. Why will these inexperienced men in
erection work try & tell contractors and mechanics with years of experience
their business? I had reason to cross him & as he “is boss”, & “will be
boss” and always “must be boss” I had to knuckle down. I had the satisfaction
of seeing his way fail. As it was “knock off” time we packed up for the day.
March 31
Got up at 4am & worked till 12pm on the trestle gear. As the sub was
away we had no trouble whatever in erecting it in all manner of ways. The chain
blocks continued to give a deal of trouble mainly thro’ the chain jamming.
Returned to camp shortly after dinner.
April 1
The company went out on a route march. As our section was on guard 9 of
us stayed behind so as to go on at 5.15pm.
We were hauled off to dig a pumping trench at the back of the Mena House
stables.
It was damn hot work more especially as one of our number “fainted” –
threw up back an hour or so.
Turned out an excellent guard.
April 2
Guard all day. “Turned out” for “Pompey” in grand style at 10am. He told
us to keep our “hair cut as the place to where we were shortly bound was very
hot & we were not likely to hear of any barbers there”. This confirmed the
“latrine wires” we had heard earlier in the morning that we were to move off on
Saturday night to Alexandria.
Owning to my “pippy” mood I was very pessimistic over this news
especially as we had been “had” so often before.
April 3
LEAVE CAIRO
All sorts of rumours flying around today, mostly contradicting one
another. However at 4 o’clock the order came for “tents down” so we felt we
must be off at last & so we were.
Hinks, who was exceedingly “full” was sent into Cairo Station with Jimmy
Lindsay & I (both injured the
former with a bad knee & I with a bad heel from which a corn had been
extracted) at 7pm.
The train was full of ladies who were keenly interested in us and our
equipment.
We had very little trouble with Hinks & once on the station we slept
until 3.30am. The rest of the company joined us here so we boarded the train
& we soon spread over the floor & sound asleep.
Good bye to rice & cinnamon.
April 4
We pulled out of Cairo at 5am & arrived at Alexandria at 10.30am. On
our way to the wharves we passed numerous French troops in bright red trousers,
royal blue coats & hats to match.
There were also English troops galore.
Some very fine transports in the harbour. Unfortunately ours is an old
cargo tramp – “City of Benares” – The sleeping quarters ??? are the limit. No
hammocks, so you sleep on the decks, tables & forms. At meals 18 of us
crowd in to a space to seat 12.
“City of Benares” en route to
Gallipoli 1915
April 5
Spent day roaming around the ship. Lifted the pick at 5pm and set sail
for Lemnos an island 40 miles SW of the Dardanelles.
The 3rd Brigade are supposed to be quartered here. We hear we will not land but will await the arrival of the remainder of the transports.
The 3rd Brigade are supposed to be quartered here. We hear we will not land but will await the arrival of the remainder of the transports.
April 6
Nearly everybody at Mess 21 had all their meals but a few were seasick.
Clogie & Baby as usual failed to put in an appearance. We were not sorry as
it saved us a lot of parades.
April 7
ARRIVAL AT LEMNOS ISLAND
Sea was much calmer & more attractive as we were passing numerous
islands.
Clogie addressed us down in our mess deck told us we were to be issued
with ammunition & two days rations. He said we were going to land in the
morning (personally I think it will be Tuesday next or even later) & were
to fight our way to water within 24 hours.
He advised us to pack away everything except a blanket, waterproof,
overcoat, cap comforter & blue Guernsey. He said we were to carry pick
& shovel for “road making” but in reality they were for digging graves. He
said this shows you “what kind of a rotten business we are going into”. Most of
the time will be spent in burying your comrades.
Most of the afternoon was spent in packing our ammunition & iron
rations as well as the necessities.
Anchored in Lemnos harbour shortly after 6.30pm. We saw for the first
time the famous “Queen Elizabeth” with the 15" guns.
“Queen Elizabeth” battleship
The Russian cruiser “Askold” was also in this pretty harbour.
Russian cruiser “Askold”
April 8
Paraded at 9.15 am in extra full marching order so as to practice
“disembarkation drill” up & down rope ladders over the ships side. The
whole thing is a farce why we should be burdened with a pick & shovel when
they could be placed in the boat before lowering, the military only knows.
The whole thing ended in many rope burnt hands.
April 9
Still moored in the harbour at Lemnos. Did a bit of signalling work at
10am. Had a yarn with Capt Bage but got very little beyond the fact that our
ships could batter the Dardanelles forts alright but once mine sweeping
operations commenced the field Howitzers impeded the proceedings considerably.
Sent the “regulation card” to Flo & Auntie Eff, Post Card to “Mum”
Baldwin & Obie, Doc Brown.
April 10
Here allotted places for our kits. Norm had an argument over his place
& I was called in to express my opinion. As I had distinctly heard the
Sergt give the position Norm claimed to another I had to decide against him. I
then withdrew. As the argument continued I slipped away to get the Sergt. To
settle it, fully intending not to take further part in the argument.
Unfortunately the Sergt was unable to leave but said – after sketching the
position – “they’ll take your word for mine”. I then returned to the group
& said, “will you take my word or the Sergt’s?” Norm immediately said No! I
retorted, “Well that shows your pigheadedness”. To this he took exception & then during the day a distinct coolness sprang up between us. He afterwards saw
the Sergt who seemed hazy over the positions but quite distinct about the
disputed position thus proving me right. As we went to bed Norm bought the
matter up again. I told him I did not want to argue any further on the matter, but
he forced it. He told me to understand that he was not going to knuckle down
to me & finished by saying “I’m sick of you & I’m tired of your
obstinacy. I’ve seen it at Queensland, at the University & here again.
He seems to be labouring under the delusion that I am contesting will
against his, and here lies the trouble. If he really thinks this thing there is
sure to be trouble for every time we have a difference of opinion he will
immediately think “his argument against mine”.
I am sorry, very sorry this breach has occurred & as I am not one to
knowingly thrust my presence on another, it remains with Norm how long it
lasts.
I have looked at this matter fairly & squarely & consider that
Norm is in the wrong.
April 11
Church parade & sleep today.
April 12
Rifle inspection & drill was the only excitement today. The
Brigadier, Clogie & Capt King went on board the “Queen Elizabeth” to the
Dardanelles. Nothing startling to report.
April 13
Raining nearly all night & part of the morning. We were to go for a
stretch on land but the weather conditions prevented us. Spent the afternoon
fixing the “derrick foot” of our landing boat derrick.
Mail – only one from the Bank of London acknowledging the sum of £12 I
sent to them to be placed to my credit.
April 14
French troops arrived during the night so I don’t suppose it will be
long before we get a move on. It looks as if my prophecy “about Friday” will be
somewhere near the mark.
A man fell overboard from A8 (Lake Michigan) about 3am this morning. Our
second officer picked him up some 200 yards away.
Steam up ready to move at 6am. It is now 4pm & we are still here.
Looked into and repaired the defects to the foot of the boat derrick on
our boat. The stick in 15" sq. The boats weigh 10 tons & there are 7
falls of 1 ½ steel cable.
Section paid.
April 15
Section on guard so I was orderly with Stripe. This meant the ordinary
warning & ration routine.
April 16
Hincks, Baillie, Lindsay, Lloyd, Bethune, Sinclair, Small generally
known as the “boats crew” were ordered to row the members of No 2 Section over
to the beach together with well sinking gear. We then called for 2nd
Colonel Elliott and rowed them all over the harbour to various transports.
While he was on board we did a large business in figs, nuts, oranges
while Lt Savage provided us with 100 cigarettes.
We next rowed to H1 (Arcadian) & thence to the village to procure a
few cut of nails and some wire. Here I was able to see something of the habits
of the people. Their dress is quaint, they seemed extremely shy. Their homes
and cultivation methods are primitive in the extreme. They have huge
old-fashioned windmills with sails that have to be set. The children are
pretty, the elder seemed to attain a great age but become hard & wrinkled
at an early age probably on account of the hard life they lead. They have one
building – a fine church – the inside of which is beautifully ornamented with
paintings.
Col Elliott bought us some Turkish Delight, which we passed on to the
kiddies. After dinner we took the “old chap” to A2 (Walda). Were greatly
pleased with our visit because our Queenslanders were on board. Norm & I
met many old friends including Robinson’s brother Lt Jack Rigby, Lt Buase, Lt
Hayman, Capt Ryder, Lt Lee, Cpl Hunter, Peter Stuart, Jack Atherton, the two
Foxes & numerous others. Jimmy Hunter supplied me with all the “Kings”
news. Altogether we spent a pleasant hour there. After visiting several other
boats we finally finished a most interesting day about 7pm.
April 17
The “boat’s crew” were to take the Tasmanian section over for some “well
sinking” practices but at the last moment it was changed.
However Norm & I persuaded the O.C. to let us go over to the A2. We
spent a pleasant day (from 9am to 4pm) with our Queensland pals. Here we learnt
they had been on the Island for 4 weeks and one on the boat. While on shore
they had been kept strictly within the lines but they had the pleasure of
salvaging the British destroyer that took ground close by.
We were also informed that the third brigade would be the first to land
& that their landing would be affected from the battle ships.
As we had no tobacco Jimmy Hunter very kindly supplied us with a few
tins.
Jimmy and a friend also supplied us with dinner.
April 18
“Boats Crew” were out at 6.30am to take Mr Barlowe over to the Suffolk
(A4). Here Hincks was able to get some tobacco. After breakfast we sailed all
over the place. At the “Seeang Bee” we got a great haul of tobacco & cigarettes. We badly needed a stock. In the afternoon we took Major Clogstoun
& the Captain over to the village & then went to the “Minnewaska” to pick up the Brigadier
as another boat’s crew was already there, we cleared & got some more
tobacco off the “Seeang Bee”. We then called for the Major & Capt. As they
were some two hours late we were able to get a cup of tea & a few biscuits.
After an interesting chat with a few Naval Men we climbed the hill to get a
view of the ships. The view was magnificent. We counted some 94 ships.
View of fleet from Lemnos
During the afternoon we saw the seaplane “doing a trial”. One could
write pages on this impressive sight. The plane circled around the fleet for
the best part of an hour. And as we went down to tea we could still hear its
gentle buzz.
April 19
The “boats crew” was down in the lighter at 5.30am this morning after
coffee & cakes. We loaded picks, shovels, sand bags & timber from the
“Suffolk”. After working for an hour we had two hours spell & then worked
for another. Soon after tea we were down in the hold & shifted something
like 16 tons of shell. This is about the hardest work I’ve done since leaving
the Canal. The bumboats are doing a great trade in walnuts & figs. Heavy
mail aboard but none for Norm or myself.
April 20
Guard today on 1st relief. Things are very quiet & there does not seem much
prospect of us leaving today.
Paraded today with a heavy cold. Treat was my surprise on finding that
the Doctor was Charlie Wassall an old R.Y.C. boy.
Was up at 4.45 am for the usual coffee & cakes.
April 21
Came off guard at 8am & paraded sick again as my influenza was not
improving.
During the day a severe rain squall sprang up. A8 & A9 together with
the Water Boat dragged the anchors. A17, which was lying directly behind us,
had to play out cable to prevent us from drifting on to them.
April 22
Slept on the mess table last night instead of as usual with Norm on the
hatch. I find I get more sleep.
Three torpedo destroyers have been around the A2 (9th Qld
Infantry) and for the greater part of the day they have been practising
disembarkation drill.
At 5pm we were paraded and received our instruction and warnings re the
invasion of Gallipoli.
Once again I had a stripe pushed at me and once again I refused it. Why
they persist in pressing this matter I do not know.
Mail today from Auntie Eff, Con, Pater, and Mater also two
“Australanians” from Auntie.
April 23
Beautiful clear cool days. Indeed the weather here has been exceptional.
We hear we are to move today at 4pm ?????
Heaved up anchor at 3pm & moved to the outer harbour. We all lined
the decks & stood at attention passing our headquarter ships & the war
ships. We were much struck with the size & beauty of some of the French
ocean greyhounds. Shortly after we dropped anchor some of the warships in the
harbour moved out to ??
One of the hospital ships was lit up during the night with green lights
around the band and red lights within the cross.
She looked a treat.
She looked a treat.
April 24
During the day there has been quite a passage of ships passing out on
their way to the Dardanelles; we are still here but likely to move in the
morning.
We are told the landing will be affected at 4 places. The French are
forcing one landing, the British another & we Australians a third & the
naval crowd the fourth. We have to sleep on deck tonight with 10 rounds in the
rifle and all our kit with us.
April 25
LEAVE LEMNOS
At 10.30am I was awakened by the “Stand By” ring in the engine room. By
2am we were, with 3 others, well clear of the harbour. I soon turned over and
slept. Our reveille was the booming of the battle ships guns. We were soon out
of the bedclothes with eyes fixed on the British landing point. To all
appearances they had landed safely. Some miles further up we could see a
captive balloon doing its work. Away on our port bow was the parent ship with
three seaplanes already launched. Nearer the land one could dimly discern the
outlines of 6 battle ships (cruisers etc) & numerous transports. As the
destroyer moved in to tell us our anchorage the Commander told us the
Australians had captured 3 guns. In speaking to Naval men during the day they
told us the charge of the landing party was magnificent. They were at the top
of the hill before they could get the second landing party ashore.
While we were waiting for orders a shell burst along side one of the
destroyers, another under the bows of a transport. Soon two more burst close to
A13. Another burst 200 yards from us. That was enough to heave up anchor. Full
ahead to a place of “safety”. By dinnertime we were on the destroyer “Scourge”
& making for the beach with a load of stores. The shrapnel was bursting
around us & I was feeling anything but comfortable. We finally reached the
beach in ships boats. The shore was lined with wounded, most of them terribly
cut up. Our stores were put in a place of safety & after this we came up to
build a road to the top of the hill. I was knocked out by a rolling stone but
soon recovered. Turned in about 2am in the rain.
April 26
After breakfast we spent the morning digging ourselves in alongside the
road we had just built. There was a continuous rifle fire up on the hill above
while overhead was a continual screech of shells from our own ships & the
enemy’s guns. Away in the little bay were 4 ships boats & on the beach
beyond them lay the dead bodies of some poor souls who were killed before they
obtained a landing.
We soon settled down to the din altho’ at first I felt I should never
have been a soldier. During the afternoon we aligned the trend of the road so
as to make the grades easier we had just about accomplished our task when we
snatched some sleep. I slept fairly well being awakened once or twice by the
N.Z. Howitzer Battery immediately below us. The searchlights of the ships were
keeping a keen lookout for the enemy on our flanks & hoped to frustrate any
attempt of the Turks to molest them.
At 4.30am we had to “stand at arms” as this hour is considered the most
dangerous hour of the 24 & whenever troops are encamped near the firing
line they “stand at arms” at 4.30am unless ordered to do so.
Clogie sent me scouting & sketching at 8.30am.
Our section was ordered off to the right flank to put up barbed wire
entanglements. What a time it proved. We had our full equipment up together
with picks, shovels, axes & coils of barbed wire. The shells were bursting
around and along the beach we had to traverse & during a double along one
of the open spaces we lost poor Louie Griffiths. {Footnote[9]}
Just previous to this our Sergt was smacked with a shell bullet but pluckily
held on.
After a lot of needless messing around on the part of our Subaltern we
arrived at our part about 3.30pm from each carrying an 18th Field
piece shell. We were scattered from the line by the bursting of a common shell.
We soon “dug in” in a comfortable spot.
At night Norm Lloyd, Bill Baillie & self volunteered to go out in front of the trenches & put up wire entanglements. It was a rotten job waiting to go out but once out it was exciting if nothing else. Our Sub messed us about as usual but eventually fell in with our plan. We were running up and down with the coils when the fire got too hot so we made a dash for our trench. Our own fellows opened fire and shot poor Bill Baillie. {Footnote[10]} Norm and I & Sub brought him in & the bearers took him to the hospital then onto the ship.
We soon “dug in” in a comfortable spot.
At night Norm Lloyd, Bill Baillie & self volunteered to go out in front of the trenches & put up wire entanglements. It was a rotten job waiting to go out but once out it was exciting if nothing else. Our Sub messed us about as usual but eventually fell in with our plan. We were running up and down with the coils when the fire got too hot so we made a dash for our trench. Our own fellows opened fire and shot poor Bill Baillie. {Footnote[10]} Norm and I & Sub brought him in & the bearers took him to the hospital then onto the ship.
April 27
After poor Bill was fixed up we rejoined the others. It was bitterly
cold night so we had a rotten sleep. We were constantly standing to arms & were not sorry when daylight broke. The organisation of the Army works
differently to what I had expected – it muddles through & we are here to
help the muddles.
April 28
As our artillery on the right flank was badly exposed we turned to & dug gun emplacements for them. They were truly thankful. We had the pleasure of
seeing 3 mules & a camel blown sky high. It was grand to see the way the
artillery here worked with the Infantry. The bombardier would give them the
range & with 3 rounds rapid to locate it he would then correct it to a
“hit”.
During the afternoon our Sub aligned our “posey” & took us to a more
exposed portion with the result N.O.C Anderson was shot through the calf. He
left for Alexandria the same day. Previous to this Norm had an argument over
it.
About 5pm we left for HQ & after selecting a spot we turned in. It
rained slightly & to make matters worse it was bitterly cold. We are
feeling the need of our blankets badly. It was beyond doubt the most miserable
night we have put in. I spent most of the time walking up & down the road
at intervals I was joined by Jack, S & Norm.
Many stragglers on the beach trying to get their bearings.
April 29
Moved off at 8.30am to make a road up the gully to our centre position.
Here we met some of the English Armoured Car people. They had many interesting
stories to tell of Antwerp & the war. More than one officer paid a tribute
to the grand charge made by our boys.
After a heavy days work we moved to a position of safety & dug
ourselves in. Each boiled his own tea & stewed some “bully”.
At 4.30am we had to “fall to arms”. Over this matter some had a great
argument. None of us had enjoyed any sleep since Saturday & there
had been no grumbling but when we did get an opportunity we had it broken & were expected to work as usual afterwards. However orders have to be obeyed.
Perhaps if were seated in the upper councils we still carry out exacting
safeguards. We’re comparatively safe they’re not.
April 30
Except during our shrapnel dodging spells we worked continuously on the
road up to the firing line for a field gun had to be brought up during the
night. About 3pm Clogie told us to turn in & get as much sleep as possible
as we were to go into the firing line & improve the trenches there. We had
hardly been asleep when we were called to arms & met Sgt Croker in a hell
of a stink because the enemy had almost reached our trenches. This turned out a
ruse for our machine guns who could only then do effective work owing to
the hilly nature of the country. However we were marched to the beach & brought a supply of ammunition half way to the firing line.
The company then turned to & dug themselves in on a hill that I
predict will be shrapnel swept if it starts.
The Major called all the N.C.O.s into the trenches at night. I think it
was a most foolish thing to do as they stood a chance of being all wiped out at
once, as it was Sgt Croker & Cpl Farquhar were wounded.
May 1
The enemy’s fire was so hot that we had to stay in our bullet proof “dug outs”. There was a tremendous
cannonade all day & a perfect hail of bullets. The latter simply swept over
our slope compelling us to keep cover. Unfortunately Tauron? & Dave
Sinclair were wounded.
We were all in fine spirits as we had enjoyed our first night’s sleep
since landing.
I believe we were to go into the firing line today; our being to improve
the trenches. The severity of the enemy’s fire prevented this.
At night Norm & I were on guard we were told to keep a keen lookout
for a certain spy & watch the ammunition.
During my watch quite a number of our wounded passed through. Turned in
about 9.30pm & enjoyed a quiet sleep
This experience proved my prediction written on the opposite page to be
correct.
May 2
Turned out at 8, as “the fall to arms” at 4.30 was not strictly
enforced. After breakfast we got into “fighting order” & got ready to move
off. Just as we were about to start the shrapnel started so we had to scamper
to our “dug outs”. A man alive is better than one dead.
No 1 Corp now joined us on their way up to the firing line & as the
shrapnel had stopped we prepared to move off again. We were just handing in
about 50 rounds of ammunition when a shell case lifted the top of the skull of
one poor chap. The kneecap of another. It was a sickening sight.
We eventually got to the beach & spent most of the morning preparing
our “dugouts” & the rest gathering tools & putting them in the R E
Stores. During my wanderings I saw Turkish prisoners at HQ. It appears 50 NZers
were landed on a point commanding our beach & discovered an observation
station. They caught one man at the telephone & the rest asleep. This
station was no doubt responsible for the directing of the enemy’s fire. As I
write there is a terrible din from our war ships probably supporting an advance
of ours, which has been expected for some time.
Made bombs in afternoon.
May 3
Our troops made a successful advance & according to the number of
injured coming in they paid dearly for it. Same story. In the morning we made
bombs out of fuze tins, nails, shrapnel, bullets, scrap iron, detonators & a 5 sec fuse. When we had made 25
we were told to get into full marching order & go up to the ridge our
fellows took last night. When we got there we had to cut a communication path
to the top and then sap towards the line to enable the wounded to be brought
down. What a pitiful sight they presented. They had been 20 hours lying all
over the place with great gaping wounds. Some had both legs broken and the pain
they endured coming down the steep sides was almost unbearable. We soon had
water, food & ammunition up to them & shortly afterwards I was
astounded to hear they were about to retire at dark. The wounded were all out
but further up the gully they were still coming down in a steady stream. Norm,
Durack & Sinclair & self were left to cut steps to facilitate matters
while the others retired quietly. By this time all the ammunition was down
& the infantry had retired; we were still coping with the wounded & I
am sorry to say some of our fellows would not do so preferring to seek safety
& leave the helpless to move themselves.
May 4
After a restless night we started work at 11. The snipers were giving a
deal of trouble on the ridge owing to the “dead ground” sheltering them. To get
rid of the nuisance it was decided to sap forward & then make a new firing
line. Our boys could then command the valley. Our shift started at 11am & finished at 3pm. The snipers took particular objection to us because we would
persist in throwing muck over the parapet.
On out way home we saw a horrible sight. Away up on the face of the
cliffs were the bodies (15) of some poor fellows who had charged on Sunday
night at 7pm. They were hanging in all sorts of positions. They could not be
buried as the enemy controlled that portion. At night the right centre appeared
to be heavily engaged.
Our shift went on guard at 8pm each man doing one hour.
May 5
The enemy continued to shell our position during the day but did little
damage. We saw one of our own poor fellows blown out about 60 feet from the
crest of the hill and falling a similar distance.
Went to the trenches at 2.30pm & returned at 6.30pm. I had a few
shots at a sniper who was busily digging himself in. As we turned in for the
night there was a perfect hail of bullets overhead for our entire right was
being engaged again.
Mail today & what a great mail it was. Bern, Mum Baldwin, Miss
Priest, Ida, Scott Fletcher & Mrs Scott Fletcher all wrote.
May 6
6.30am to the trenches again. Allan & I were busy on the fire
trench. The snipers continued to pay us a good deal of attention.
At 6.30 pm we went up again to the firing line. This time to put in
loopholes & overhead cover. As Lt Savage was working on one as an
experiment we were unable to do anything. The night was bitterly cold & even after turning in we were unable to get warm so spent a miserable night.
We do waste time. If we were permitted to get into the work of obvious
improvements instead of six men watching one work something substantial would
be accomplished. Why are engineers commanded by baby-faced officers?
May 7
Went down for rations at 10. The rations have been splendid. Jam, bacon,
cheese, potatoes, biscuits, rum, tobacco & cigarettes.
On the way back I was nearly flatlined by a shrapnel bullet. The lead
was evidently spent for it pierced my hat & caused me a bit of a lump.
Still it had me thinking for a while. Bled a little. Next up to the trenches
again at 2.30. The shrapnel was all over the hill but doing little damage. Once
the enemy’s balling exploded our trench & buried me while I was writing to
Auntie. On crawling out I found Norm had been hit. It was nothing serious & after dressing the wound he was able to return to “dug out”. I continued to
write & answered Mrs Priest’s, Mrs Fletcher’s letters or rather PCs.
Slept well. Probably because we covered the floor with fir boughs, as on
the “Wallaby Track”.
May 8
As Eric Swallow was returning to Alexandria I took the opportunity of
getting rid of my correspondence. Norm also cabled home that we were both safe.
We went to the trenches at 6.30am. As one of the “loops” was little
better than a death trap, so Norm & I set to work to improve it. We had
done the worst when we were relieved by two of the best – Jimmy Lindsay & Allan Wilson & they finished it off a treat. Good team work.
Today we heard that our Capt was dead. From Capt Bage {Footnote[11]}
we were expecting great things. He was a striking person & we were hoping
to know him better; he had been so little with us on our fieldwork until this
engagement so we had no chance of seeing the man – the man that had
bared the elements on a severe Antarctic Expedition. Ours is the loss. The
greatest loss the Company could sustain. May he find the “peace that passeth
all understanding”. He was a white man as white as the ribbon he wore for his
Antarctic exploits. {Endnote[i]}
Guard from 10 to 12 with Norm.
May 9
As I was ordered to repair a pump I had to see Lt Williams who had
charge of the water supply. He had already decided to put in a new pump so I was
saved a job. I then sauntered down to the beach & learnt that Capt Bage was
buried last night. I learnt the details of his death from Capt E Dunsdon. From
all accounts he appears to have had a strong presentiment that he was going to
his death.
Procured two official PCs & sent one to Allan Row, last year’s
Rhodes & Mum Baldwin.
While on the beach the shrapnel started to sweep to “dug outs” so I took
first opportunity of clearing out. I managed to grab a blanket on my way up.
At 6.30pm we went up at the trenches again. Jimmy Lindsay & I had
the rotten job of putting in a machine gun emplacement in the firing line with
the continuous harsh crackle all around us. We got the most dangerous part of
our work done before our relief came so that they were able to work in
comparative safety. We both think the emplacement is in a dangerous position,
for the loophole was situated at the end of a 60 ft communication branch, which
is liable to be infiltrated by shooting directed at the back.
May 10
After a beautiful sleep we turned to at 6.30am. We learnt that the 15th
Infantry were successful in their charge on the enemy’s trenches but had to
retire at day break as the Turk appears to make trenches who if occupied can be
enfiladed by his own Machine Gun fire. Jimmy Lindsay & I started work on
the Communication Trench. We were putting in a traverse & cutting a new
passage when he was shot thro’ the very loop we had constructed the previous
evening. He died in my arms in less than half a minute, having been shot
through the right fore arm, lung & heart. Poor large scaled sunny natured
Jimmy. {Footnote[12]}
We will all miss him. He was buried by the Padre, outside the trenches he had
helped improve & in the presence of his officer & fellow Sappers. A
rude cross now marks the spot where this dear old friend lies. All his effects
have been handed in to HQrs.
It was a wretched shift that night without him & I was not sorry
when I was relieved. Not feeling well physically & with nerves on edge I
got little sleep. War hits one hard when the comrade falls. Had a note from
Hector Winning.
May 11
There is a continual booming of big guns today. Sounds as if the British
are drawing closer.
I did not work today as I was feeling anything but well.
The enemy shelled our position today but as
usual did little damage.
May 12
Me on shift at 6.30 working most of the time on reversing a landslide in
the trenches. In the morning I had Durack for a mate. At night Allan Wilson was
my comrade.
That distant booming of guns appears to get closer, which augers well
for the British advance.
We heard more about the charge of the 15th last Sunday. It
appears they were not satisfied with gaining the trenches; they must pursue the
flying Turks. In their chase they came a across a camp of sleeping Turks & played hell there with the bayonet. In their excitement they stayed too long
& were caught by the enemy’s machine guns on their return. Our losses were
about 350, the enemy’s 900 odd??
Our main gully seems to be under snipers fire from two directions i.e.
on both forks. Picked up the direction by bullet splashes on either side of our
spur. Some of our snipers are moving up after them.
May 13
Con’s birthday today. May she see many more.
Today Durack and I were on fire pits. Owing to lack of organisation we
were left a lot of dead work by the previous shifts. The trouble was getting
rid of the dirt. I suggested a scheme, which was adopted & worked
satisfactorily. I since heard that the other shifts have worked it too. So much
the better.
Wrote to Auntie & Geoff. PostCard.
At 10.30 pm we started to push away the parapet from the front of our
sandbags. It was dangerous work as we were in front of our own firing line
pushing the dirt away with our shovels. While we were out the Turks sent up a
rocket away on our left. There was immediately a blaze of light. How we tumbled
back into the trench goodness only knows. We got back & got back without
attracting attention. During the course of the night the enemy fired about 4
more rockets.
There were numerous bombs thrown during the night.
There were numerous bombs thrown during the night.
May 14
We were hard at it again at 10.30am. This time we were on the 2nd
fire command: we got in an excellent shift. At 10.30 pm Durack & I were on
the Machine Gun Emplacement situated so as to enfilade the enemy’s trenches. As
an attack was to come off at 1.45am on the enemy’s front trenches we put in
some solid graft beforehand as things get too hot for us to continue without
taking undue risks.
Shortly after 12 the Machine Guns began to fire, the rifles followed the
example. The noise was deafening. We soon had sprays of dirt blown over us as
the bullets began to hit the parapet. Norm fell asleep. I was in a semi-daze,
which speaks volumes for the tired state we are in.
Strange to say the huge fleets of transports that we have grown so accustomed
to see in front of us has disappeared and with them the warships. Is it that
the submarines have put in an appearance?
May 15
Turned to at 10.30am not feeling at all like work. We of the Engineers
are all very tired for we have had a solid time for the last three weeks,
working night and day. I am almost ashamed to say I loafed this shift not
having enough energy to do anything.
Came home at 2.30pm & enjoyed a fine Machonochie ration.
I afterwards had a shave & wash – the second in 3 weeks – with a
half cup of water.
I may here state that our rations have been splendid. Nearly every
second day we get a delicious “army ration” & every day we have jam,
cheese, “bully”, biscuits - & rum about twice a week.
The attack last night by the 2nd LH & Infantry on the
Turkish bomb trenches failed. Our losses were 30 killed & wounded.
Yesterday the LH &the Turks had a bomb throwing competition. Our
chaps appeared to be making things fly a bit.
May 16
A glorious holiday. 12 hours. Sergt Thorn, Durack, Bell, Farquhar, Norm
& self all went down to the beach after tea. Three of us had a dip & although the night was dark & the water cold, it was much enjoyed.
While on the sands a barge containing two 6" Howitzers came in.
These were manned by the “tars” off the “Ocean”, which was sunk in the
Dardanelles. We visited HQ to see Chad Dunsdon & returned to the dugouts at
10pm.
Made some sketches of “the lay of the land” to see if some means can be
devised to afford protection from snipers.
May 17
Went to the trenches at 12.30pm & worked till 2.30. The work was a
sap towards the enemy’s trench. As we were having a spell the Infantry had been
doing this work. I have noticed time and again a lack of organisation when they
are on work of this kind’ with exception to a few notable instances they are
extremely lazy when manual work is to be done even though it is for their own
benefit. They will willingly let the Sapper do all the work (and the I the Sap)
is really there to supervise. When I returned to the “dug out” I found the 2nd
LH working in front of it. It was thus I had the pleasure of meeting my old
friends Horace Miller, Jes Brett. It was fine hearing & talking of old
times but sad hearing the fate of my Q’land friends in the 9th. I
introduced Norm who found that Horace knew his dear old friend, Noel Elliott.
In the “covered way” in the front of our “dug out” a landslide occurred
burying and killing one of the unfortunate 15th.
May 18
Mail. What a treat. Letters from Ida, Scott Fletcher, Auntie, little
Daphne Bulby, two “Australanians”. Little the writers know how much pleasure
their letters give.
Jim Campbell & I installed a pump for Capt Tuther? As the pump was
in bad order it was repaired & worked A1.
We were disturbed once by one of the enemy’s high explosive shells.
It was an awe inspiring sight to see these burst. Huge clods, shrubs etc
were hurled 100s ft off into the air. It was a tickling scene to see the men of
the C making a dash for cover. During the day they must have fired 36 of these
shells & beyond hurling two dead men out of their graves & throwing
some muck into the trenches the effect was nil.
One shell fell into the trench but failed to explode. It was 33"
long. These are the first heavy shells that have fallen in our lines; they
generally go out to sea.
The whole affair amused out boys who never failed to laugh & cheer
when a shell failed to explode.
May 19
R.P.C. to Scott Fletcher & Auntie. Wrote to father.
Dante could never have imagined the inferno that reigned last night. It
was awful. Light & heavy cannon, maxims and rifles all tried to screech
above each other.
I was awake most of the night & very alert when the guard informed
me that the Turks were at the top of our gully. They were not making for us
however. Our trenches being their object.
At 6.30am we made our way to the trenches we were working on. They had
suffered slightly from the bombardment & as it was recommencing we
Engineers had to be low. The maxims & bombs were showering our parapet all
over us but doing very little damage. I learnt that Lt Hamilton had been shot
and that as soon as he was gone some of the men vacated the firing line & allowed the Turks to get in – 7 of them. One of the 14" Cpls got rid of 5
of them & the remainder were shot by someone else.
Poor little Durack {Footnote[13]}
was badly wounded today on the beach. His leg was badly injured just behind his
knee. He will probably lose his leg. {Endnote[ii]}
May 20
Wrote to Dick, Hector Denning. Went to the trenches at 2pm & came
off at 6pm. Shortly before 6am an extraordinary scene occurred. The enemy waved
white flags ornamented with what looked like a crescent. Orders came along the
trenches to “cease fire” {Footnote[14]}
on all unarmed hostile troops. Soon the Turks were out of their trenches & were collecting their wounded. Our boys had their heads above cover and were
signalling good wishes etc to the Turks. In a short while our chaps were
exchanging cigarettes or making a pretence to but as I was just relieved I did
not see it for myself. The most striking part of the whole affair was the
deadly stillness. We all felt they were up to no good & when the armistice
was over the volleying was terrific. The artillery & warships were soon at
it. This state of things lasted through out the night. The great flashes of
shells bursting was wonderfully spectacular but frightfully nerve racking. We
stood to arms & wondered what was happening but it turned out that accurate
artillery fire prevented the Turks leaving the trenches.
May 21
Duty on the tunnel again at 6am. We have now driven 24 ft. Things were
very quiet during the day: a few “Jack Johnsons” came mostly after tea but did
damage to their own trenches instead of ours.
Put in charge of the shift by Sergt Thorn. Then on at 10pm came off at
2am. This time we were on another tunnel intended for a Machine Gun. Things
were fairly quiet along the firing line.
May 22
2 to 6 shift this time. Things still quiet. General Todley came thro the
trenches & congratulated the Engineers on their work. “I do like walking
thro’ these trenches” he said.
The trenches are good but we do not build them quick enough.
Contractor’s gangs or mine companies are wanted.
Suggested to Clogstoun that we should tunnel out a serious of “T” heads
simultaneously & when completed break in the tops & man them & later connect them into a single trench. Clogie said it was common practice
& would be used. I told him it was not in the “Red Book”.
If we only had 50 good miners we could alter this place in a week.
Suggested concealed working for breaking out a
new front line.
May 23
Shift work started at 6am. Once again we worked on the machine gun
tunnel. Unfortunately the previous shift had foolishly broken thro’ the top.
However the miners – Minir & Tregor – timbered the whole affair & that
remedied the affair.
During the afternoon I sauntered down to the beach to enquire for boiler
plating etc.
While there got a large mail from Auntie, Mater, Mr Priest & two
Australasians from the former.
Spent part of the night making an improved “loop” model. The main
feature about it being its concealment when in position.
Fresh meat for tea. The first for 4 weeks.
May 24
Things are very quiet here today for an armistice {Footnote[15]} from 7am to 4.30pm had been granted to bury the dead. The weather is inclined
to be showery & this means sloppy trenches & slippery hills. Strange
incident.
Received a letter from Les. Wrote to Daphne, Philly, Ida, Scott
Fletcher, Mrs Priest, and Auntie.
May 25
Went on shift at 6am but did not do much work. Hardly a shot was fired
all day and yet we sustained a great loss. The “Triumph” {Footnote[16]}
was torpedoed about 12.45 pm. She floated for 8 minutes then turned slowly over
to starboard & floated bottom upwards for over 22 minutes. Destroyers,
trawlers were soon to the rescue.
The strange part of the whole affair was that Norm, Allan & I saw
the periscope of the submarine. We thought it was a biscuit tin glistening the
sun. It disappeared & in a few minutes we saw the sub rise slightly. There
was a puff of mist alongside, then a white streak from her side & Allan
shouted “she’s got her boys, she’s got her” I almost immediately there was a
huge column of water fair amidships of the ill-fated vessel. We all thought a
second shot was fired. While we were watching the destroyers leaving from all
direction to rescue the crew we saw the submarine close in shore, making for
all she knew to our right.
We could see portion of her but what struck me was the pace at which the
submarine travelled.
At 10pm we were on shift again & put in some solid work.
The “Triumph”
There is something pathetic in the sinking of these great gray ships. To
us this loss was like the loss of a friend. She had helped us to land, she had
covered our “charge” & afterwards she watched our right flank – keeping her
great searchlight constantly on the watch for the enemy.
May 26
We went to the “dugout” and at 3am slept soundly till 6am when I was
awakened by a brisk fusillade of bullets coming from close by. I sat up just in
time to see 3 NZers toppled over. Afterwards transpired that the Turks had made
themselves comfortable at the head of our valley & were “potting” us in all
direction. They kept things fairly lively during the day but were eventually
beaten at their own game.
It sometimes appears to me that the “heads” could do a lot to prevent
this sort of thing. On two occasions we have reported incidents such as this in
their early stages & it is not till the damage is being done that any
effective measures are taken.
For instance the artillery could have blown them to blazes for they were
right on the spot & yet only 5 shells were fired & those at the rate of
1an hour.
May 27
Did not go on the shift as my old enemy “the knee” has come back. I am
pushed to go to the Doctor’s for fear they will send me away. A few days rest
may set it up.
Sent the regulation P.C. to “Shirty” & Mrs Woodcock & a letter
to Mum Baldwin.
Two of our drivers Cpl Watson & Coppin rejoined us last night. It
appears they all returned to Alexandria but could not sit idle while their
mates were “hard at it” as they sneaked on the first transport & returned
to us. Two of our wounded Sergt Croker & Capt Sinclair also rejoined the
section.
May 28
The knee is still troublesome. Received a mail from Dick, Auntie, Con,
and the Mater. It brought splendid new of Dick’s health.
There seems to be a bit of a scare up at Quinn’s post because the Turks
are reported to be mining. The Snipers are also making things very warm in the
gully. Quite a number have fallen to their bullets.
A light cruiser paid us a visit today. Since the “Triumph” has gone we have only had the destroyers here.
A light cruiser paid us a visit today. Since the “Triumph” has gone we have only had the destroyers here.
May 29
In the early hours of the morning the Turks blew up portion of the
trenches at Quinn’s Post. It was immediately rushed under the protection of a
heavy artillery fire. Our Howitzers and field pieces were soon at them & it
was not long before the 15th drove them from the portion of the
trench they had been able to occupy. We got 20 prisoners & many dead. About
15 of the prisoners were prevented from retreating by the fire of their own
machine guns. They huddled into one of our tunnels & shot at anyone who
happened to pass until the interpreter fixed matters up.
We got about 5 visits from our aeroplane during the day & every time
the enemy fired 8 to 10 shells at her. During the last visit she hovered over
the enemy’s lines & dropped 3 missiles. Some say they were missiles some
say artillery marks. They were certainly not bombs. So far we have been unable
to find out what they are.
May 30
Five weeks today since we landed in Gallipoli. Things have been rather
quiet today up till 1.30pm when our artillery suddenly broke out up on the hill
at Quinn’s post or rather in front of it seemed to be their objective.
I heard our fellows were going to make a sortie & it was to be
entrusted to the L.H.
We hear that it has been successful, that they captured a machine
gun. As I write the rifles are still rattling out so how this news came thro’ I
do not know.
As usual the attack was mixed up. Every time, there seems to be a
misunderstanding somewhere. There have been 4 attacks around this quarter & all have been messed up.
Wrote to Mr E Trouton.
Later Have spoken to a
man who has just returned from the Turks trenches. He says that about 20 of
them got into a trench that would hold 15 comfortably. The Turks machine gun
soon got on to them & began to nibble away at their parapet or cover bit by
bit, it was only a matter of time when they would be exposed. To add to their
danger the enemy started to throw bombs but they were able to get rid of these
before they burst. As the Engineers had not sapped to them by 3 then they
withdrew but not before they had bandaged and given some biscuits to a wounded
Turk. This chap showed his gratitude by shooting one of his own men who was
grappling with the L.H Capt as he was getting out of the trench – the Turks
having rushed it by this time. The other 22 of our fellows were still holding
the other trench.
May 31
There is general quiet all along the line today but on the water there
is certainly something astir. The aeroplane has been circling around over the
stretch of sea in front of us. First of all she appeared a black mass & then, as she circled, she became almost transparent. Meanwhile the 3 destroyers
were zigzagging all over the place. The plane seemed to be flying very low when
all of a sudden she dropped a bomb. In an instant there was a big explosion
& a huge column of water rose just about the spot the “Triumph” went down,
but as the destroyers continued to cruise around for an hour afterwards we
surmised that she missed her mark.
Wrote to Dick.
Billie Hill & Fred Hooper rejoined the section.
Poor Dave Downie {Footnote[17]}
was bombed yesterday at Quinn’s Post. He lingered for some time although
unconscious. Sergt or rather Lt Croker told me they had sapped to the rest of
the L. H. & now held the trench.
June 1
So far the line is exceptionally quiet today. Occasionally there is an
artillery duel but it is not very heavy.
Knee very swollen. Apparently a lot of fluid has accumulated.
June 2
Some new men – Henderson, Herbertson & Bruce – joined our section
today.
My leg was still troubling me so I decided to go on to the beach with
Charlie Dunsdon. A few shrapnel shells disturbed my otherwise sound sleep.
June 3
Interviewed the Doctor shortly before 9am. I was ordered on to the Fleet
Sweeper. At 10am with a barge in tow the pinnace took the serious cases to the
Hospital Ship first. These were hauled up in a special case made to take the
stretcher & patient.
The sweeper was next reached at 11am. & After making ourselves
comfortable we had lunch.
As we were going to sleep the cove presented a pretty appearance. It was
brilliantly lit up far different to the inky darkness that greeted us on our
first visit.
The only thing that disturbed the tranquillity of the scene was the
fierce fusillade from the rifles up above. Quite a number of bullets found
their way on to the sweeper.
June 4
We left Anzac Cove in the Fleet Sweeper at 2.30am for Lemnos. The
Harbour was reached about 8am. One was struck with the number of ships that
were still anchored there – the “Clacton” drew alongside the “Aragon” and after
a hasty breakfast we were transferred to a barge & towed to the “Ascania”
one of the Cunard line. There we were treated like toffs. The officers gave us
magazines, papers etc and made every thing as comfortable for us as was
possible. Our meals were grand. Some distance down one could see the
“Mauritania” anchored.
I saw Dick Diamond on the” Aragon”. He informed me that Lt Boase was
recovering & that Ray Shirley was also improving from the effects of 5
wounds!
June 5
Spent a quiet day in bed, as I want my knee to better so as to be in
time for the big advance.
Quite a number of wounded came on board last night – 3 boat loads. All
available space is now taken up with the crowd that arrived tonight. It is a
sickening sight. Heads damaged, arms blown off, legs ditto, all the result of
the attempts to storm Aki Barber.
Two officers were lowered into the Captain’s gig for burial on land.
They were covered with the Union Jack & rowed ashore. Some of these men
were at Mons and Antwerp & when volunteers were called for Gallipoli these
great hearts offered their services.
June 6
LEFT LEMNOS
Shortly before breakfast we were on the move again, this time for
Alexandria.
The sea was calm & until tea time nothing of interest occurred until
two French destroyers & a submarine passed us. There was a lot of
conjecture on board as to whether the submarine was captured or not.
One of the officers afterwards told us they were all French.
The medical staff have had a trying time today. Operation has followed
operation. Mainly amputations too. The ship’s doctor was busy all day dressing
wounds.
I was in hopes that I would be sent back to the Peninsular but the early
departure of the ship has spoiled my chance.
June 7
We are just 24 hours out from Lemnos. The brief – as regards weather –
has been perfect.
The meals are the best that have been supplied to us since leaving home.
I am surprised at the cheery way in which the wounded are taking their
misfortunes.
Australasians & Englishmen alike. Some have lost limbs, some hands
or fingers & yet they do not grumble or bewail their loss.
There is one thing I have noticed where the Englishman is quiet, the
Australian is boisterous & forward, even foulmouthed. I do not mean to say
the majority are thus, but where I was quartered, there were over 3 times as
many Englishmen as Australians and yet there were only 2 of the former to 7 of
the latter that were at all coarse.
June 8
ALEXANDRIA
Wrote to Allan Row.
The muggy heat, which prevailed during the day up to 12, indicated that
we were close to land. By 2pm we could see Alexandria thro’ the thick mist that
hung over the shore. At 3.30pm we had dropped the anchor within the Harbour.
Some time after tea I was talking to a Londoner. Naturally the topic was
the War. He stated that the English people could not appreciate enough the
attitude of the Colonies – Canada, India & Australia. He said Australia’s
offer came as a great surprise for it was fully rumoured in England that we
would seize the opportunity & cut adrift from Great Britain.
One cheerful English lad with us was in the retreat from Mons & the
charge of the Worcesters (500) against the Prussian Guard (3000). He has
received 3 wounds & was on “home service” but when troops were wanted for
Gallipoli he volunteered again. In the charge of Aki Barber portion of his hand
was blown away. Yet he still smiles & is as happy as the day is long.
June 9
Cairo. Hot bath. What oh!
The “Ascania” pulled into the wharf shortly after 8am. There was a
hospital train awaiting us. After the stretcher cases for Cairo had been put on
board, we filed on. By 10 we were away. Papers were handed around by the Indian
Red Cross. At 1pm we were given a pot of Bovril, Roll & butter & an
orange. Cigarettes were given to the troops both before & after this meal
& with an Indian Orderly to light them. I may state that the English ladies
stood at the foot of the gangway when we were disembarking & gave the
troops cigarettes. On arrival at Cairo we were given tea & biscuits. We
were then motored to Heliopolis. Some were stationed at the Hotel but some went
to Luna Park. I was amongst this number. The beds rather amused me here. They
were made of cane. The doctor a Sydney man was tip top & I do not expect
any difficulty in getting straight back to Gallipoli.
Regular Australian heat here now.
Hospital at Luna Park,
Heliopolis, Cairo – former skating rink.
June 10
When the doctor was making his rounds I asked him if it was possible for
me to get out. He said I would be sent to “Base Details” next day instead of
the Convalescent Home on the Nile. Good news. I don’t like Gallipoli but I miss
the fellows. My hardest job is to keep from being afraid.
June 11
Unfortunately my knee is not too good so I have to spend a few more days
here.
I notice the 3rd Contg has arrived. I wonder if Shirty is
with them.
Just saw Norm Gill of Ipswich & he told me that Shirty has been over
here for over a fortnight & has been enquiring for me. As the boy was
stationed at the Palace Hospital I sent him a letter to him asking to call
& at 8.30pm I spied him down below. I “cooeed” and he was soon bounding up
the steps in characteristic style of his.
June 12
Knee more puffed than ever. Doctor says it may take six weeks.
June 13
Cartilage loose. Knee swollen may have to operate to remove cartilage.
What an inglorious casualty – water on the knee from a hit by a clod of earth
thrown up by a black powder shell. It was damn near the shell itself. It failed
to explode.
June 15
Hot again today. It is sweltering here: lying in bed under the
galvanised roof. Had a visit from a very nice lady.
June 16
Terribly hot again today – 120° in the shade. The orderly is constantly
running up & down to replenish our lemon squash supply.
Shirty spent a few hours here last night & again today. He is a
brick.
June 17
The atmosphere is a good deal cooler today. It needs to be as quite a
number of soldiers have gone into the hospital with a touch of the sun.
Col Elliot came in to see me today bringing with him a large parcel of
fruit. I placed before him my idea for a loophole, which would enable our men
to cope with snipers especially in those parts where whole trenches were kept
quiet. He thought the idea sound and promised to keep it in mind.
Good old Shirty paid me a visit bringing the usual stock of goods.
Good old Shirty paid me a visit bringing the usual stock of goods.
June
18 - 30
All entries just say “Hospital”
July 1
Went to the Army Head Quarters to see Major Russell re loophole. He
seemed very impressed with the work we were doing. Afterwards I went to the
Aust Inf Base & inquired for Allen McKinlay & discovered he was at No
17 General Hospital Alexandria suffering from Rheumatic Fever. Managed to get
£2 from the Pay Office.
Met Shirty at 2.30pm & got a car to the Pyramids. Went all around
the neighbourhood, arriving back home at 5.30.
At 6pm Mrs Bailie took us (N McGill & self) to her flat for dinner.
Here we spent a most enjoyable evening.
July 2
Splendid leader in the Times on “The wounded at the Dardanelles”
July
3 - 9
All entries say “Hospital”
July 10
“Shirty” paid a surprise visit at 10am to inform me that he was “off”.
As far as he knew they were for Alexandria.
So am I “off”. I paraded before the Major with the bandage on the good
knee and he passed for Alexandria. We are timed to leave at 6.30am tomorrow.
July 11
Left the skating rink at Luna Park at 6.30 am. The motors took us to the
Cairo main station where we caught the mail train for Alexandria. At the latter
place the motors met us and took us to a Convalescent Home at Ras-el-Tin {Footnote[18]}.
This place is beautifully situated on the road leading to the beach. Needless
to say we took full advantage of the bathing here 5pm to 6.30.
The evening was spent on the roof. This roof has an area of about 2
acres and is perfectly flat after the fashion of all Egyptian buildings.
July 12
Parade before doctor at Ras-el-Tin Convalescent Hospital. He ordered the
knee a rest. The food in this place is a treat. By far the best I have had
since leaving Australia. This is, excepting private houses & the Menu
enjoyed at the “Continental” and “Shepheards”.
August 26
Routine duties DORE office
August 27
Saw Col G. C. E. Elliott {Footnote[19]} again
today & it appears likely that I shall be transferred from the R E’s to the
5th Field Coy.
The knee is slightly puffed from desert walking but is not giving any
trouble & the physical strain on it would not be any greater at Gallipoli
than here.
Met Sturdee, Farquhar & Cutler. All seemed pleased at the prospect
of my rejoining them. I admire them all – each had “guts” & is always there.
Elliott said he was sorry I did not get some recognition for throwing up
the wire entanglements in the front of the battery on the right flank during
the first days of the landing. I had almost forgotten the incident but “Pompey”
has the reputation for remembering detail. Anyway the party (Lloyd, Baillie
& self) was in charge of Lt Fred Savage.
August 28
Did the rounds of the Camps today including the rifle range. Had a ride
out to the range just about dusk on one of the 3 L.H horses. If I am not sore
in the morning it is not the horses fault or Thorne’s either. However I enjoyed
it.
August 29
Went to the Aerodrome Camp & found Norm none too well. Murn &a Crubby managed to dose him up so he should be A1 in the morning. I have great
faith in “Normie” as a quack!
My affairs with the DORE at last seem definitely settled.
I’ve been cursing my ride of yesterday evening somewhat & have been
doctoring skinned knees etc.
August 30
Completed my turn with Lt Hartnoll. Most of the day was spent in fixing
up odd jobs.
I am sorry to leave Lt Hartnoll. He has been more then kind to me & I know it would not have been long before I was more comfortably settled.
Still my place is at the front & I am sorry my place here is not to
be taken over by some of the slightly wounded instead of an able bodied man.
August 31
Left the racecourse camp at 8am to take up new duties in the 5th
Field Coy Divisional Engineers 2nd Aust Div.
September 2
Elliott, Sturdee, Farquhar, Cutler have certainly made me feel I’m
wanted & I’ve been told to “step in and take a grip of things”.
Apparently I’m to be an NCO of some sort – probably corporal, although
I’m attached to the Q.M.S. who is drunk at a most inopportune time.
September 3
The Q.M.S. has his worries & today was full of worries for me. There
was the hustle & bustle of getting away from Cairo. The issuing of
equipment & the returning of stores to Ordnance all thrown into one day. To
make matters worse my fellow Q.M.S. was in a hopeless state from drink. All his
handwork was thus marred thro’ a couple of day’s bout up occurred on the very
days he was wanted most. The chaos was ultimately cleared & by eight
o’clock (pm) we were ready to for any emergency. Col Elliott took me around the
camp & thanked me for all I had done but I feel 2M.S. Wynn deserves the
praise for on him fell the bulk of the work. About nine o’clock I went into
Heliopolis to see Mrs Bailey and to ask her to get the photos of Norm and
Myself. I gave her the Mater’s address so she could post 5 of them home. Left
the camp at 10.30 for the station & left for Alexandria about 1.30am.
September 4
Arrived in Alexandria before breakfast & were a bit disappointed
with our transport the “Knight Templar” (Z24) She was a cargo tramp and none
too clean. The “sergeant’s mess” was the limit.
Had a few fine cups of tea at the buffet on the wharf. This teashop is
run by English ladies for the convenience of soldiers.
“Knight Templar”
Left for ??? at 5 o’clock & was surprised to find myself appointed
Ships Q.M.S. It would have been far better to have appointed 2M.S. Wynn to the
post as his previous experience would have proved invaluable.
September 5
Beautiful smooth trip. Most of my time is taken up on the parades & checking rations.
September 6
Slightly rougher today. Murn & Cribby were both sick.
*NO ENTRIES FROM September 7 – October 4!!
October 5
Routine 2 M.S. duties. Excellent relations with A.S.C. Using same
fatigue party, specially selected & explained the reason.
October 6
Routine 2M.S. Duties
October 7
Routine 2M.S. duties.
Swiped a sack of flour from the A.S.C.
October 8
Routine Q.M.S duties.
October 9
Went around to the hospital to see Norm Lloyd & was surprised to
find he had been sent away on a hospital ship. Previous reports showed him to
be improving rapidly but at his Temp started to rise is deemed advisable to
send him away. He had all the symptoms of enteric.
I went up to the fourth Coy & collected all his personal effects
including his Welby.
Things are painfully quiet. It is hard to realise one is at war.
Things are painfully quiet. It is hard to realise one is at war.
October 10
Spent most of he day on roofing the “ dugout”.
Drew tobacco, cigarettes & matches today 2 oz, 4 packets, 2 boxes
each.
October 11
Pay £1.0.0
Wrote to Pater & Mr Bailey re Norm
Cabled to Pater “Norm ill hospital no cause anxiety”.
Cabled Uncle Bert “Everything received 2M.S. Fifth Engineers”.
Rained today but the iron roof saved a lot of discomfort. A few minor
discomforts will soon be overcome by the use of a few sand bags & then the
old “dugout” should be OK.
Our aeroplanes are pretty active today & are as usual be shelled
without success.
October 18
Routine Q.M.S. work.
Improved some of the barricades in Shrapnel Gully for the A.S.C.
Got an extra ration for the men as an exchange for sandbags & work.
Got hell from Col G C E Elliott for refusing commission. Told me he was
“not having any more of my obstinacy of the 3rd Company days” in shirking
responsibilities. Told me to believe both Clogstoun & Capt Bage had
previously recommended my promotion.
Prefer to remain the equivalent of my other University associates but in
view of the feeling in the matter cannot let personal desire run counter to
official recommendations.
October 21
Col G C E Elliott & Sturdee with me to take Lt Howell’s position at
Russell’s Top. He is sick.
Keeping knee firmly bandaged. Handed over my duties as Q.M.S. to Cpl
Sandow.
All friends are now scattered in the various sections & can now see
I should have taken promotion earlier.
Have to see Col Elliott tomorrow at Russell’s Top.
Strangely enough I am to go back to my pre war job of mining engineer.
October 22
Length of Drive of various tunnels on taking over 22/10/15
L2 17'6"
L3 31'6"
L5 78'0"
L8 13'6"
L11 55'6"
Put sappers in L2 & 3
Mines in L5 & 8
Fatigues in L11
Distance driven during day
L2 4'6"
L3 5'6"
L5 3'0"
L8 2'0"
L11 1'6"
L11 consists of hard conglomerate will try
blasting.
Met Brigade Major Wisdom by appointment at the Top.
Listeners Report picking near L11 on left above 6ft away. Also in H4 on
Right below 3 to 5ft way. Stopped all picking at a 3.0.0 to personally confirm.
Machine gun made it difficult to judge the distance but there is picking at
both places 10.15pm.
Met “Snowy” Elliott & had the mining operations at Russell’s Top
handed over to me.
Vernon Sturdee {Footnote[20]}
took me over the position in detail. Sergt Vince took me to No 1 outpost. Thus
I traversed our line from “Turk’s Head” to No 1 outpost.
Vernon
Sturdee at Gallipoli
From the latter got an excellent idea of the lay of he land & the
relation of “Fox’s Hole” in relation to our galleries.
It is proposed I try the new boxing machine in driving to this spot.
Nature of the soil varies from conglomerate (fairly hard), stiff clay
(also hard), compacted sand.
Rate of digging painfully slow ascending to Howell. He says miners little better than the
fatigues. Sappers are the best. Sappers are controlled by the Engineer –
fatigues & miners are not. As far as I’m concerned they will have to put in
a days work. 2 ft drive (average) per day is far too low. Could reach 5ft or
better in the ground seen by me. Will weed out the men re-organise the force
and should reach 5ft average in 3 to 4 weeks.
October 23
Boxing machine tested.
Made rough sketch (see Oct 20 & 19) in order to get a mental picture
of the position & the relation of the tunnels. Suggested to Col Sturdee
that a tracings be made of the mining system & the progress marked each
daily; one to be sent 15 Head Quarters daily & returned when up to date tracing
delivered by messenger.
Agreed & arranged for.
Return for survey not known. Took a fixed point at the back of Courtney’s
from S end of main gallery.
Tested “listeners” by rapping out signals in adjacent tunnels & asking them to gauge distance. Have two good men. Will include their report in
my daily report, which we set up as follows:
Report: Progress: Remarks:
Listeners Report: Stores Consumed:
Labour
Stores are in charge of Officer in charge of shift. Leakage exists. Set
up a listening post in L11 & H4. Picking last heard 5am.
New firing line being pushed.
L2 2'6"
distance 20
ft
L3 3'6"
distance 35
ft
L5 2"0"
distance 80
ft
L8 4'6"
distance 57
ft
Put sappers in L8 & miners in L2 for comparison.
October 24
Turks busy near H4. Apparently tamping suggested to Sturdee that we
should beat him to it by giving him a “planter” of 15lb of GC. Sturdee advised
me to use 30 lbs. Am afraid it will bring in our roof. No picking heard at any
of the posts.
Mine tamped & blown at 7pm. Backs came in for a distance of 8 ft.
L2 2'6"
distance 17ft
L3 4'0"
distance 23ft
L5 3'0"
distance 83ft
L8 4'0"
distance 22ft
L11 Not
working 57ft
Placed Sappers in L8, miners in L5 & fatigues in L2.
Reports of picking sounds in surface tunnel. These proved to be those of
our own slower and heavier picking. Turks are lighter and quicker – pointed
this out to our listeners. No report needed.
Boxing machine has drilled 38 ft.
Bombing is causing loose earth in H4 to fall. May have to timber. Asked
that miners & fatigues be placed under my control – they are leaping. Told
them I would have them put into the firing line of they didn’t “put their backs
into it”. Asked the fatigue officer (in their hearing) to give me three certain
men who were working on new trenches & put three of the loafers there,
agreed.
October 25
Yesterday’s arrangement with the fatigue officer broke down. We are not
driving quick enough in this formation. Had another talk with him & a
change will be affected on the first shift tomorrow. Changing direction of L5
L3 L11. Would like to see a few more “kinks” in our tunnels to prevent the
enemy getting command should we break into his workings.
This plan would take more time but it would be safer. Grades would help.
Picking heard in L5, L9 & H1 – our own picks.
L2 changed direction yesterday to protect the new firing line.
October 26
New fatigues reported. Arnall tells me he experiences similar trouble.
Continue to clear H4.
Opening out L6 am informed that this leads into a Turkish working, which
was blown up by the NZ Engineers. Cannot get any reliable line or report on
this. Removing tamping & opening out entrance. Wonder if there is a surface
packet at the other end.
Had to timber H1. Bombing broke the “backs” in one place. No sounds
reported by listeners. Good progress today.
L2 4'6" 24'6"
L3 5'0" 31'0"
L5 5'6" 92'6"
L6 cleaning 10"0"
L8 5'0" 30"0"
L11 4'0" 63'0"
H1 3'0" 6'0"??
Boring machine not working.
October 27
Crew now getting into a fine swing. The “flare up” has worked wonders.
Boring machine dismantled. Miners reported picking under their dugouts –
headquarters says it is from our own working.
L2 4'6" Distance
29'
L3 4'6" Distance
35'
L5 5'0" Distance
97'
L8 5'6" Distance
35'6"
L11 3'6" Distance
66'6"
Nothing to choose between the parties today.
They appear keener.
October 28
Finished ‘T’ on H1. Now working on the left face. Rearing left to clear
the crater.
H4 cleaned & timbered – appears a sound job. Drive started 12' from
old face to the south. Expect to run into trouble.
About 80' south is L6 where the NZ are said to have “blown” the Turkish
workings. By opening L6 north & driving H4 south we are approaching the old
workings from two directions. H1 has swung N (to the outside) & is
converging over L6. There’s going to be hell to pay.
Sturdee & Cutler agree that we must be well into the Turkish system
if he has done any mining at all. His silence seems to indicate that he is
playing a waiting game.
L11 now in softer material.
L3 is in hard conglomerate.
L2 5'0" Distance
34ft
L3 4'6" Distance
39'6"
L5 5'0" Distance
102ft
L6 cleaning out tamping
L8 5'0 40'6"
L11 3'0 69'6"
H1 4'0 125'0
H4 cleared up. Bombs continue to break in tops.
No sounds reported,
Progress better but not good enough. Saw the Adjt & arranged for Alf
Welsh’s party of 6 to replace 8 of the fatigues. Propose getting rid of several
of Capt Jones’ miners.
October 29
Turks reported near L11 at 8.30pm. No sounds heard by me during ¾ of an
hour stay in listening post.
L2 in sandy gravel.
Backs in H1 all weak. Am timbering. As we are approaching the crater,
propose to drop at a grade of 1 in 3, which will give 4 feet of cover under the
crater. Believe this to be good policy anyway as the Turk is not a deep miner.
L2 6'0" Distance
40'
L3 5'0" Distance
44’
L5 5'0" Distance
107'
L6 Cleaning & tamping
L8 5'0" Distance
45'6"
L11 2'6"
Listening Distance
72'0"
Day work only:
H1 3'0" Distance
131'0"
H4 3'0" Distance
95'6"
October 30
Air in L8 bad. Candles will hardly burn. Propose to drive a vertical
ventilation shaft up to H3. This will test the accuracy of our surveys.
Work speeded up with change of fatigues.
L2 6'0" Distance
46'0"
L3 5'6" Distance
49'6"
L5 4'6" Distance
111'0"
L6 Distance 10'
L8 4'6" Distance
50'6"
L11 3'0" Distance
75'0"
Day work:
H1 4'0" Distance
135'0"
H4 4'6" Distance
100'0"
H1 & H4 now double the rate of the other
tunnels.
October 31
Good progress.
Sturdee asked if H1 & H4 be pushed harder. Suggest night shift & the pick of the working force.
Squared up & evened the backs of L5.
L2 6'0" Distance
46'0"
L3 4'0" Distance
53'0"
L5 3'0" Distance
114'0"
L6 suspended
L8 4'6" Distance
55'0"
L11 3'6" Distance
78'6"
Day work:
H1 4'0" Distance
139'0"
H4 3'6" Distance
105'6"
I feel it is a mistake not to “zig-zag’ our tunnels. If Jack ever gets
at the end of the straight level working there will be difficulty in dislodging
him.
L6 Turkish work is above. Apparently the New Zealanders were under when
they blew. If any more tamping is taken out the Turks (if there) can drop bombs
from above into our tunnels. Did not expect to run into overhead Turkish
gallery.
Referred matter to HQ for instructions.
L11 appears to be headed to Turkish galleries. Picking heard.
November 1
L2 6'0" Distance
56'0"
L3 4'0"
Distance
57'0"
L5 4'0" Distance
118'0"
L6 Awaiting orders
L8 6'0" Distance
61'0"
L11 4'0" Distance
82'6"
Day work:
H1 4'0" Distance
143'0"
H4 2'0" Distance
107'6"
L5 ceased at 2.30pm/ Later transferred to right
arm of L3.
Listeners at 2.30pm report picking on the left 30ft from the face.
Same sounds heard faintly from H4. Reported 8.30pm.
Personally heard at 9.30pm. Sounds heard with machine guns quiet & our own picking stopped. This makes the Turkish system somewhat puzzling to
estimate.
L5 now about 15ft from enemy trenches.
L8 about 25ft.
L2 is now SE up to the right 170°. Should hit the cliff face at 90ft say
35ft further.
November 2
Picking heard in L11 at 30 ft from the face of left hand side.
Work stopped in L2, left arm of L3, L5, and L8.
L3 right arm is to have a protecting Y spaced between its right arm
& L2 to points 15ft from cliff face.
This renders L2 redundant.
Two shifts started in H1, H4. Both are to be pushed with speed.
L6 is being cleaned up. Tops are being stripped to facilitate working.
Do not like the opening of L6 into the Turkish gallery with trouble brewing in
L11 & H1 & H3 headed for lively times. It will be hell if they all hit
at once.
Picked crew put into L11.
L2 3'0"
(5 hrs) 59ft
L3 3'6"
(12 hrs 60'6"
L6 3'6"
Complete 86'0"
L8 2'6"
(5 hrs) 64'0"
L11 4'0"
Complete 86'0"
H1 5'6" 148'0"
H3 4'0" 4'4"
Sect.
H4 5'0" 110'6"
L3 6'0" 6'0"
Pecking still heard in L11
November 3
More trouble with fatigues – 12 men short without notification. All
tunnels blocked with mullock & in consequence working parties on the faces
are idle part of the time. Concentrated on L11 & H4.
L6 to be explored.
L3 4'6" 10'6"
on Y
L6 squaring 14'0"
L11 4'0" 90'6"
H1 3'6" 151'6"
H3 3'0" 27'0"
H4 5'0" 20'0"
Picking in L11 suggested during an offshoot in direction of sounds if
only to get some idea of the Turkish “layout”. Believe we should start L12, L13
& H5 & H6. Although a drive north, from L11 could be accomplished in
the same time. It could be made as an extension to the main gallery from which
L12 & L13 could be pushed with advantage – at least until the Turkish
system is encountered & Sturdee believes we should with both re L11 to the
south & L12 & L13 from the old main gallery.
November 4
5 fatigues reported at 9am again. 12 promised for 8am. 3 more reported
at 11am & 12 at noon.
Good working in surface tunnels.
L3 5'6" 15'6"
1'0"
L6 8'0" 25'0"
2'0"
cleaning
L11 5'0" 95'0"
H1 6'6" 158'0"
H3 7'0" 34'0"
H4 5'6" 25'6"
L6 has been badly shaken by the old explosion. May “get by” without
timbering. Should be ready to inspect by Saturday. I wonder what awaits. My
fear of being thought a coward has always made me deliberately do the
distasteful. One is so confined in mining: its dark & somewhat awesome.
Strangely enough it requires a different type of mental approach. In the open I
did not hesitate to volunteer to place a barbed wire in front of our guns on
the right during the first week; nor to go out & bring Bill Bailey in; nor
the wounded between Pope’s & Quinn’s – Floydie called me a “bloody fool”.
And now I shrink.
November 5
Just over two weeks of 16 hours a day. My old knee is holding up very
well. Am tired but well. The ground and layout at Russell’s Top lends itself to
hydraulic excavation – except the elevation, which necessitates high head pumps
or a series of pumping stations.
Sturdee & I discussed possibilities of using the condenser pumps,
from the “River Clyde” & having the impellors changed for the higher head
required for this work. Decided red tape would kill the scheme.
More trouble with fatigues. None available from 8am to 1pm, when 9 out
of 12 reported.
Heavy bombardment delayed work in surface
tunnels for two hours
H4 work ceased.
H3 60° left
L1 also on 60°
L8 restarted bearing 360° with a grade of 1 in 6 to meet L11.
There is a mint of trouble ahead of us.
November 6
Seized with a sort of hopelessness today. Too tired to write.
Later.
At 12.05 am H1 drove into the broken earth of the Turkish crater.
Turk blew a mine at 6pm near H4 but did not disturb either our surface
or lower workings. Our tactics of massed picking on the side walls in many
places at once apparently rattled him & caused him to “blow” before he was
ready. Cutler thought the ruse was clever. Sturdee thought it would disclose
the “extent” of our workings. I explained that the picking was purposely kept
away from the face.
November 7
Arranged with Capt May I explore the old Turkish working above L6. He to
remain on guard while I crawled into the old tunnel. Arranged whistle signals
should I get trapped. Creepy. Tunnel flat shaped & apparently unoccupied.
Musty, did not strike a light in fear of detection. Cannot understand how the
Turk got a tunnel in this location. It appears to be entirely isolated from the
rest of his system. Must ask the N.Zers for the back history.
At 12/5 H1 drove into this tunnel & the Turk is stated to have
thrown two bombs, then all quiet until 1am, when officer of #1 post reported a
light in breach & “unmistakeable” sounds of shovelling. Visited working
again & used one “mills” grenade. Which stopped further working. The 5th
Bde at 0315 asked for a report on the general situation. This was furnished.
Terribly tired. Brigadier Major Wisdom came & had a short discussion
regarding the several points in which we have contacted with the Turk
underground.
Has made arrangements with Lt Bailey 20 Bat to explore “dead” ground in
front of our trenches. He was detained. Evidence of the Turks front line is
unoccupied at night. Reported to Sturdee.
November 8
Ran into another bunch of trouble today misread the direction & distances of the Turkish pickings at H. Instead of two “drives” on either side
of our tunnel enemy had an “envelope” paralleling his front line.
Evidently deceived us by tapping on the walls at A & B, which
accounted for the assumption they were not making much progress. Crown of our
tunnel broke into the base of the Turks. Why he did not seize his advantage
& blow us up beggars me – is he out of explosive? He only bombed at H1.
Cutler & I visited H1. The Turk was firing into the tunnel but his
higher location caused to fire down onto the base rather than along the
tunnel.
The flying pieces which Cutler thought were bullets were, in my opinion,
gravel etc.
November 9
Received instructions to blow H1. Not a nice job with Turk in control.
Now 10am. Time is set for 4pm. Feel sick. Explored tunnel again with Cutler.
Decided to prepare box of gun cotton with detonators & fuse complete & crawl down under the Turkish lines of fire. Cutler is to carry several
revolvers & drive the Turk back while I light the fuse & place the
charge. Waiting intolerable.
Later.
As arranged Cutler waited until the Turk fired sixth shot & rushed
position. I unstrapped charge & covered it with my tunic so as to keep
light from shining on us as fuse was lit. Cutler withdrew & left me to
place the charge. Turk had enlarged the hole slightly but was not pushing his
advantage. The charge merely “blew back”. Had to make second attempt with
better results. May reported H3 also broken into Turkish gallery with Turk in
charge. Fortunately the direction of the tunnel had been changed & they
commanded but a short length. They are under us. Plenty of mullock available.
Posted sentries from 26 Btn. Went to inspect L11 & H4 & returned to
find the sentries had been withdrawn & everybody had the “wind” up. Could
not ascertain position except Turks had bombed way into tunnel. Bailey & I
decided to roll a barricade of sandbags – foot by foot down the tunnel & get it back. Bags became too heavy so were reduced to half bags. Got past the
crater by midnight when Brigade Major Wisdom {Footnote[21]}
visited the tunnel to ascertain the position.
Told him the indications were that the Turk was not in the tunnel as the
firing was spasmodic & apparently still confined to the short leg. Fell
asleep talking to him but aroused on hearing Bailey fire. Rejoined Bailey,
pushed the barricade another 23 ft & found the position as we originally
left it – much ado about nothing & a fine piece of imaginative work on the
part of somebody. I feel a bit of a fool but made plans according to the information
available.
Now decided to place a “plaster” at the end of H3; begged Sturdee to make it a tamped charge as the cover over the tunnels is light and crater here would be a menace. Fell asleep. Sturdee put me off duty.
Now decided to place a “plaster” at the end of H3; begged Sturdee to make it a tamped charge as the cover over the tunnels is light and crater here would be a menace. Fell asleep. Sturdee put me off duty.
November 10
Awakened with a request to visit H1 where Cutler was having some
trouble. He believed the enemy had obtained control of H1 & I could not see
how this could be unless the second charge had so graded the interconnection
between the two tunnels that the Turk had easy access.
An investigation showed the position to be slightly more in our favour
than previously as the debris formed a natural protection. This we roughly
graded in the dark & later used a torch light to attract the fire to the
right while I pushed the charge to the left. In doing so I caught sight of the
flash of the Turk’s revolver some twenty yards to the front left. Where as we
had expected to see him immediately on the other side of the Leap. He was firing
over a barricade & at an angle of about 80°
Found the Turk had barricaded their gallery leading to trenches at A
& a protective barricade had been erected at B. From B he kept up a
continuous fire at the sandbags we were erecting at the seat of the blow. At
5pm orders came from brigade head quarters to give him a parcel & this
charge was fired at 5.50pm.
In H3 clearing operations are proceeding & portion of the Turkish
tunnel is now visible. Jacko is not aggressive underground.
H4 is forging ahead.
L8 is now bearing direct to the Turkish trenches.
L11 still had the same bearing.
L3 is completed.
No measurement taken.
Listeners reported pecking ahead on the left hand corner of H4, also L5.
Firing continuous near H1.
November 13
The Turk is still active in H1 but we have the situation well in hand.
Took the elevation of L5 during the afternoon. On plotting we have 30ft
backs.
Cpl May injured as the result of a bomb explosion.
Lord Kitchener {Footnote[22]} passed
through the trenches at R.T. during the afternoon.
Lord
Kitchener inspecting trenches Gallipoli
Sorry to learn that H3 was not tamped before blowing. Crater is wide
open & Turks can throw bombs into it with ease. It was explained that the
work had to be done quickly but two hours tamping would have greatly prevented
this mess. I have now to live with the damn hazard.
November 14
Spent morning answering Xmas mail just received a huge mail from Con
& Mater & Pater, Ida, Trimis? Paper from Bern & a note from Norm at
Malta. Norm is A1 or well on the way to recovery. He is in Ward 2, Block A St
George’s Hospital Malta.
Cpl May one of my most promising N.C.O.s is dead. He died from the
effects of a bomb injury incurred yesterday.
Wrote to Norm McGill, Mater, and Matron.
H1 remains a matter of no little concern. GSO 5th Brigade has
instructed to block it until the 7th Brigade decides a course of
action.
Listeners report picking in H4.
L6 appears quiet.
November 15
Too tired to write.
November 22
Inspected L5 small portion of the tamping blown back but light. The
gallery is in good condition. The mine is one of the best I have laid.
Started party in H1 striking to the right from the foremost head.
November 23
Work progressing favourably in H1. Crater is not deep – about 8ft.
L12 is held up as we are working but one shift in 24 hours. Unable to
procure 2 miners to replace those killed in H4.
Pecking heard in L6.
November
27 *
Blizzard. What next.
Disinfected my feet & filled boots with Vaseline as a precaution.
I wonder if we will ever get out of this damn place.
Rumours of German Howitzers being sent to the peninsular.
*TORN JOURNAL ENTRY SHEET FREDERICK TROUTON SMALL – November 27? A
letter started and never sent?
During the night I found it impossible to
get my feet warm despite the fact that I had three blankets & a pair of bed
socks. When day broke I soon saw the reason. The sight was glorious. The whole
ground was covered by over three inches of snow while all the trees were simply
laden with it. To most of us it was a unique sight but when you to come to
examine our trenches & to see the amount of muck & slush in them, it
would break your heart. I know it breaks the heart of the Engineers but what of
the unfortunate Infantry who spend night & day in them. Already I am mud
from head to foot, but not as cold as I expected to be with snow around. Those
who know say “wait till it thaws”. Somehow or other one seems to look for the
dark side of things on Gallipoli. Perhaps it is because we have to anticipate
every move that would prove to our disadvantage that makes it appear so.
The last three days have been deadly quiet.
We on our part have hardly fired a shot. While there has been a total absence
of any firing from our artillery. This plan of passive resistance is evidently
one to draw “Jack” out. Personally I think it is a ruse to cover a ruse.
Our Christmas mail to Australia will never
reach you, as the barge carrying it was swamped going over to Lemnos. Egypt
will also be minus two of my letters – not that the loss is anything but it
means two more to be written & time is so precious just now.
At present I am having a spell week. I am
not O.K. & have just completed a trying three weeks at Russell’s Top. I am
as thin as a rake, no doubt the spell will do me good & allow me to put on a
little condition, if not the Major intends to send me away for a while.
December 14
Dysentery – blood & mucus. Pain. Strain now, crawl to latrine.
December 15
Evacuated Hospital ship “Lancashire”.
Too sick to write.
“Lancashire”
FOOTNOTES
[1] Kings College, Kangaroo Point, Brisbane - http://www.kings.uq.edu.au/history
Henry
Oliver Clogstoun (1881-1958), officer, Royal Engineers, was born on 19
September 1881 at Madras, India, son of Herbert Frederick Clogstoun of the
Indian Civil Service, Madras. Educated at Clifton College, Bristol, he entered
the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, in January 1898 and was commissioned in
the Royal Engineers on 2 May 1900. After a course at the School of Military
Engineering, Chatham, Clogstoun served five years with the 2nd (Fortress)
Company in Cairo, and two years with the 42nd (Fortress) Company at Portsmouth,
England. He was an instructor at the Royal Military Academy until April 1912,
when he was seconded to the Australian Military Forces to help to reorganize
the engineers.
Clogstoun
arrived at Melbourne in the Orsova on 20 May. As director of works
(later engineers) he threw himself into his work with keenness and enthusiasm:
the efficiency of the corps of engineers at the outbreak of World War I was
largely due to his influence and driving power. In August 1914 he was accepted
into the Australian Imperial Force as the officer commanding 3rd Field Company,
Australian Engineers, 1st Division. Shortly after arrival in the Middle East,
the company was chosen to construct trenches, and floating bridges on the Suez
Canal. It returned to Mena Camp on 25 February 1915 and took part in the
Gallipoli landing on 25 April.
At Anzac
Clogstoun had a great part in planning the defences on the southern flank,
particularly to the front of Holly Ridge (June 1915) where he applied the new
shallow tunnelling technique to the excavation of fire trenches in exposed
positions. On 6 August he was shot through the windpipe in a daring attempt to
discover what the Turks were doing to the front of Leane's Trench. He was
mentioned in dispatches and promoted brevet major in November.
In July
1916 Clogstoun became commanding royal engineer of the 3rd Division, A.I.F.
with the temporary rank of lieutenant-colonel. After supervising the field
companies of the division at Salisbury Plain he crossed with them to
Armentières, France, in mid-November 1916. He took part in the Messines and
Passchendaele offensives, serving until 9 April 1918 when he reverted to the
British Army as C.R.E. XIII Corps Troops.
During
his service with the 1st and 3rd Divisions, Clogstoun's professional expertise
was highly respected. Like many other British officers, he did not fully
understand the Australian soldier, but his courage and ability won him the
loyalty of his men, even though few were spared his caustic tongue. Bean names him as one of the British officers for whom the diggers
'conceived deep admiration and regard'. 'Cloggie' was tall and strongly built,
with a 'long, smooth, florid face'. At Anzac he is remembered as getting about
'in a battered slouch hat, torn shirt, very brief shorts, thick army boots with
grey socks draped over them—and a monocle'. His eccentricities were the source
of many anecdotes.
On 6 May
1919 Clogstoun was sent on special duty to Berlin in his substantive rank of major.
He afterwards served in Ireland, Scotland and Malta, being promoted
lieutenant-colonel on 1 October 1925. He was placed on half pay on 1 October
1929 and retired on 1 April 1930. In 1934-42 he was employed as a civilian
under the director of fortifications and works, War Office, spending his last
years at Blakeney, Norfolk, where he died on 23 April 1958. He was survived by
his wife Norah Stanford, née MacIlwaine, whom he had married on 23 July 1910 at
Holy Trinity Church, Kensington Gore, London.
[3] Photograph from online of Suez at Ismailia in 1915.
[4] Postcard of Ismailia 1915.
[5] Ismailia gardens where camped.
[6] Ismailia football ground
[8] View of Cairo from citadel walls
A
Record of War Service in the Australian Imperial Force, 1915-19, Vol. I, by
Herbert Brayley Collett
[10] James Baillie – died 29 April 1915
https://www.aif.adfa.edu.au/showPerson?pid=10711
https://www.aif.adfa.edu.au/showPerson?pid=10711
[11] Captain Edward Frederick Robert BAGE – Antarctic explorer with
Mawson expedition
[12] James Archibald LINDSAY
From Ipswich Queensland
https://www.aif.adfa.edu.au/showPerson?pid=176995
https://www.aif.adfa.edu.au/showPerson?pid=176995
[13] Fergus James Durack
died of wounds on 24 May on hospital ship “Soudan”. From Milton ,
Brisbane.
[14] Official records say ceasefire on 24 May?
[15] The armistice on May 24 to allow both sides to collect and bury the
dead.
[16] Sinking of the “Triumph”
[17] David Norman Hedley DOWNIE
From Victoria, born in Scotland
[18] “The heat of summer was
coming on, and the necessity for providing seaside accommodation for the
convalescents from Cairo became obvious. Consequently the Ras el Tin school at
Alexandria was taken by No. 1 General Hospital, and turned into an excellent
convalescent hospital for 500 patients. It consisted of a very large courtyard,
surrounded by (mostly) one-story buildings, and was about 400 yards from the
sea. In the courtyard a Recreation Tent, provided by the British Red Cross
Australian Branch,
was erected by the Y.M.C.A. The whole formed an admirable seaside convalescent
hospital.”
[20] Later Sir Vernon Ashton Hobart Sturdee who in 1945 became Commander
in Chief of Australian Armed Forces.
[22] Lord Kitchener 2 days later gave order to evacuate.
http://www.anzacsite.gov.au/1landing/nbeach7.html
http://www.anzacsite.gov.au/1landing/nbeach7.html
ENDNOTES:
[i]
Grave
of Capt Edward Frederick Robert Bage at Gallipoli killed 7 May.
[ii]
Sapper
Fergus James Durack died of wounds on 24 May on hospital ship “Soudan”.
Gallipoli
1915
Frederick
Trouton Small died in Fort Lauderdale Florida USA in 1971 aged 81.
He
re-enlisted on 10 July 1917 after his discharge due to the effects of amoebic
dysentery in May 1916.
He
then went to England to work as an engineer with the Ministry of Munitions.
He
married his wife Mary Call (Molly) who was from Melbourne in 1920 and they had
two children.
After
the war he went on to become one of the developers of cellulose acetate in the
production of synthetic fibres. And moved permanently to the United States in
1924, eventually retiring as the Vice-President of the Celanese Corporation of
America.
Amongst
his great passions was stamp collecting and at one point he owned the rarest
stamp in the world – the British Guiana one-cent magenta – which he sold along
with his collection in 1970 for $750,000.
His
other great interest was tennis and for years he was the official
representative of the Lawn Tennis Association of Australia in the U.S.A.,
travelling back to Australia on many occasions for major tennis events.
Frederick was a fifth generation descendant of First Fleeter John Small (via Thomas, the fifth child of John Small & Mary Parker). He was born in Brisbane but the family home was in Rockhampton.
Frederick was a fifth generation descendant of First Fleeter John Small (via Thomas, the fifth child of John Small & Mary Parker). He was born in Brisbane but the family home was in Rockhampton.
His
nickname was “Poss”.
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